Incidence of Multidrug Resistant (MDR) Staphylococcus Aureus Isolated from Urban Population and Private Health Clinics in the Federal Capital Territory; Abuja, Nigeria

Abstract

This study was carried out to ascertain the distribution of Staphylococcus aureus around satellite towns of Abuja, which is the Nigerian capital territory. A survey of their susceptibility profile to commercially available antibiotics was also carried out. Six hundred and ninety-seven (697) individuals were examined, 78(14.63%) were positive for Staphylococcus aureus based on growth morphology. With respect to sex, females (17.03%) were more predisposed to contracting the infection than males (11.31%). Both the males and the females’ aged ≤10-30yrs had the highest infection rate of 12.87-33.33% and 20.0-33.33% respectively. The least infected persons were aged ≥ 50 yrs (10.34%) in males and 41-50yrs (7.55%) in females. Statistically, age was a determining factor in the distribution of infection (Cal. χ2 df.4 =24.6952 >Tab. χ2 = 0.711 (Significant, p< 0.05). The socio-demographic data of individuals showed that persons with no formal education 17(36.17%; 32.53 – 39 – 81) and artisans (22.22%), had higher infection rate. The highest percentage occurrence obtained of S. aureus was from ear, HVS and wound swabs 28%, 27%, and 17%, respectively. S aureus was more common during the rainy season 31(18.02%; Confidence Interval: 15.11 – 20.93). Staphylococcus aureus prevalence was high in symptomatic and healthy participants 12.50%: 33.97% respectively. Though all study sites had S. aureus, Nyanya had the highest prevalence, 32.5% and Wuse had the lowest 7%. Antibiogram of the 18 Staphylococcus aureus isolates was determined. The resistance profile of the isolates was Cotrimoxazole (100%) followed by Augmentin (77.78%), then Streptomycin (66.67%) and Chloramphenicol (66.67%) respectively. In addition, the antibiotic resistance profile of isolates was examined against 11 frequently used antibiotics, from which the list if 11 (representative of many antibiotic classes), were chosen and analyzed to determine the multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) indices of isolates. The MAR values obtained ranged from 0.91(Highest) to 0.09(lowest).