Detection of Measles Virus IgM Antibodies among Individuals Suspected of Measles in Kaduna State, Nigeria.

Abstract

Background of the study: Measles is an acute and highly contagious viral illness with universal occurrence. It is caused by measles virus. Measles virus (MV) is an enveloped virus belonging to the genus morbillivirus of the family-paramyxoviridae. It is transmitted by air-borne droplets. Measles is usually characterized by prodrome fever, maculopapular rash, with one or a combination of coryza, cough, conjunctivitis and Koplik’s spot. Objectives: This study was designed to determine the prevalence of anti-measles IgM among patients suspected of measles in Kaduna State. Methods: Six hundred and forty two (642) blood samples were tested for measles IgM antibody. Anti-measles Virus IgM was detected using ELISA Kits manufactured by Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics product GmbH, Germany. Results: Of the 642 blood samples tested 54% were positive for measles IgM in Kaduna state. Individuals under 5 years age group had the highest prevalence 47.5% followed by 6-10 years age group with 4.7% while the 21-25 years age group had the lowest prevalence of 0.3%. Igabi LGA recorded the highest prevalence of 11.4% followed by Lere LGA with 4.0%, whereas Kaura LGA had the lowest prevalence with 0.2%. Conclusion: The 54% prevalence of measles virus IgM in Kaduna state indicates that Measles is still a major health burden in Nigeria, affecting different age groups.