Bacteriological Agents of Oral Infections in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Negative and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Positive Patients in Minna, Niger State, Nigeria

Abstract

This study was carried out to investigate the profile of species of bacteria associated with oral infections in Minna in HIV positive and negative patients, to determine the profile of oral diseases in Minna, Niger State and to compare the manifestations of these diseases in HIV positive and negative individuals. Three hundred and fifteen questionnaires were administered to Dental clinic attendees (including heart to heart clinic referrals) at the General Hospital Minna, of this number, 200 were properly filled and returned. The response rate was 63.50%. One hundred and seven (53.50%) were females and ninety three (46.50%) males. One hundred and ninety (95.00%) had a single lesion and ten (5.00%) had multiple lesions. Seventy nine (39.50%) were HIV positive of which fifty (46.73%) were females and twenty nine (31.18%) males. The age ranged between three months and seventy years. The bacteria isolated were 3 (1.50%); Bacillus licheniformis, II (5.50%); Bacillus subiilis, 31 (15.50%); Escherichia coli, 7 (3.50%); Klebsiella pneumoniae, 15 (7.50%); Lactobacillus bulgaricus, 4 (2,00%); Micrococcus luteus, 5 (2.50%); Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 7 (3,50%); Stapliyiococcus aureus, II (5.50%); Streptococcus faecalis, 85 (42.50%); Streptococcus mutans and 15 (7,SO%); Streptococcus pyogenes. A total of 60 (28.57%) had dental caries, 33 (IS. 71 %); chronic marginal generalized gingivitis, 20 (9 ,S2%); acute apical periodontitis, 37 (17,62%); chronic apical periodontitis, 20 (9.52%); angular stomatitis, 7 (3.33%); dentoaveolar abscess, 10 (4,76%); bleeding gum, 10 (4.76%); recurrent apthous ulcers, S (2.38%); halitosis, S (2.38%); oral candidiasis and 3 (1.43%); hairy leukoplakia were the oral lesions diagnosed, Chronic apical periodontitis, angular stomatitis, recurrent apthous ulcers, bleeding gum and halitosis occurred more among HIV seropositive patients, On the other hand, dental caries, chronic marginal generalized gingivitis, acute apical periodontitis and oral candidiasis occurred more in HIV seronegative subjects, More than half of the participants had dental caries and periodontitis.