Browsing by Author "Anna Mafuyai Alahirah"

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    Making Peace for Money
    (AIPGG Journal of Humanities and Peace Studies, 2023) John Tavershima Agberagba; Anna Mafuyai Alahirah
    Bandits make money from banditry; kidnappers from kidnapping; jihadists from jihadism, and farmers/herders pay militias, yet these groups rule by violence,AK-47s, and other assault means. So why should peacemakers not make money for peace-making? We argue in this article that $2.4 trillion (£1.5tr), or 4.4% of the global economy “is dependent on violence,” according to the Global Peace Index, referring to “industries that create or manage violence”—or the defence industry. Shareholders and their employees gain money from this industry, and governments pay and fund the military to gain geopolitical supremacy. However, peacemakers and peace entrepreneurs deliver the peace that leads to economic prosperity and stability in states, yet they do not gain monetary remunerations. Therefore, citizens, governments, and investors need to pay financial benefits to peacemakers and peace entrepreneurs for delivering peace to states. This article employs a qualitative content analysis of peace entrepreneurs’ work. The sources are books, journals, newspaper articles, and internet databases. The article concludes that for peacemakers to make money making peace for example in Nigeria, the federal, state, and local governments, must raise peace budgets, employ the unemployed (cheap workers for violence), and pay them to make peace; they must create the ministry of peace in the country, at states and LGAs levels; and the peace centres of tertiary institutions in Nigeria must teach peace entrepreneurs business plans for making peace for money. We present an example of a business venture based on the work of some local women making peace in the Benue Valley of Nigeria. If making peace for money becomes lucrative, we doubt if people will still resort to banditry, kidnapping, and joining farmer/herder militias to make money. Keywords: Peace entrepreneurs
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    Peacebuilding and Nigeria’s 2023 General Election: An analysis of cases from Benue and Plateau State
    (HUMANUS DISCOURSE, 2023) John Tavershima Agberagba; Anna Mafuyai Alahirah; Celine Akudo Agboola
    INEC staff work ethics; voter intimidation and inducement; security agents’ use of firearms, and peacekeeping at polling units. These topics are common election issues that arose in the 2023 Nigerian general election. This article is necessary to address the gap in the scholarly literature on Nigerian elections and its consequent lack of impact on election policy. We use cases from Benue and Plateau states based on participatory observation and descriptive presentation; and were view data from the internet, books, and articles. We theorise, Human Needs, the cases and find that the Police used pep-talk, threats, and firearms during the 2023 general elections in Benue state, but pep-talk is paternalism, an inhibiting satisfier; threats are pseudo-satisfiers and firearms are destructive satisfiers. Moreover, party agents and supporters used abuses and “religious shaming,” inhibiting satisfiers against each other and INEC officers in Plateau. Similarly, the agents and party supporters used cooked food and drinks, salt, Maggi cubes, and bags of rice even on voting day to induce voters. However, INEC staff succeeded in their work, and the elders in keeping peace because they used a synergic satisfier, that is, INEC used self-managed hard work and the elders used wisdom to prevail on agents and supporters not to share induced material at the polling unit. Therefore, we recommend the followings, that is, community elders and youth be trained and paid to maintain peace at polling units; voters be given a meal on election days to reduce voter inducement; some of the prescribed 1999 Nigerian constitutional synergic satisfiers be made rights of Nigerian as a problem-solving for empowering women, youth, the Police, and community elders in minimizing voter intimidation and inducement to conduct credible, free, and fair elections without violence in Nigeria.