Browsing by Author "Tarfena Yoila Amapu"

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Antibiogram of Bacteria Isolated from Locally Processed Cow Milk Products Sold in Keffi Metropolis, Nasarawa State, Nigeria
(Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare, 2014) Makwin Danladi Makut; Mary Azumi Nyam; Tarfena Yoila Amapu; Abbul-Mutalib Ahmed
An investigation was conducted to determine the antibiogram of bacterial species isolated from locally processed cow milk products sold in Keffi metropolis, Nasarawa state, Nigeria. Samples of the cow milk products, Raw milk, Nono, Kindrimo, and Manshanu, were each collected in triplicates from ten different sales locations in Keffi, and analyzed using standard bacteriological methods. Pour plate technique was employed for the isolation of bacteria from these cow milk products. The isolates were identified using cultural, morphological and biochemical methods, and thereafter the antibiotic susceptibility of each isolate was determined by modified Kirby Bauer diffusion method. Bacterial counts for Raw milk, Nono, Kindrimo and Manshanu were respectively in the range of 3.2×10^8 - 6.9×10^8, 8.1× 108 - 2.70×10^9, 7.3×10^8 – 9.8.×10^9 and 5.8×10^8 - 5.2×10^9. The bacterial species isolated were Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp, Streptococcus spp. and E. coli with overall occurrence frequencies of 50%, 20%, 17.5% and 12.5%, respectively. E. coli was highly resistant to Septrin (80.2%), Sarfloxacin (75.3%) and Erythromycin (90.2%). Salmonella species was also highly resistant to Septrin (71.4%), Chloramphenicol (71.4%), Sparfloxacin (85.7%) and Erythromycin (71.4%). Similarly, Staphylococcus aureus was highly resistant to Septrin (75%), Chloramphenicol (75.4%), Sparfloxacin (87.5%), Amoxacillin (75.4%) and Augmentin (87.5%), while Streptococcus spp was highly resistant to Chloramphenicol (80.1%), Sparfloxacin (80.1%) and Augmentin (80%). These isolates may have developed resistance due to indiscriminate and frequent use of antibiotics which has now put the consumers of these milk products at risk of being infected with antibiotic resistant strains of pathogenic bacteria.
Correlative Assessment of the Bacteriological and Physicochemical Parameters of Water Sources in Magama and Bolgang Villages of Langtang South, Plateau State, Nigeria
(http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher 1 Correlative, 2017) Ocheme Julius Okojokwu; Denfa Dennis Butko; Andefiki Ubandoma; Michael Macvren Dashen; Tarfena Yoila Amapu; Hezekiah Yusuf Azi; Otumala John Egbere; Patricia Fremu Chollom
This study was carried out to determine the relationship between bacteriological and physicochemical parameters of water from wells, streams, ponds and boreholes which serve as drinking water sources to inhabitants of Magma and Bolgang villages of Langtang South Local Government Area of Plateau State, Nigeria. The water sample were collected from fourteen (14) wells, two (2) streams, two (2) ponds and two (2) boreholes in three (3) batches making a total of 60 samples and subjected to physicochemical tests and bacteriological analysis by membrane filtration techniques. In Magama village, total heterotrophic counts showed bacteria growth in varying degrees with water samples from pond being the most contaminated (7.7 ×105 ± 0.0 ×105 cfu/ml), followed by wells (6.3 ×105 ± 0.7 ×105 cfu/ml) and the least contaminated was from boreholes (1.9 ×105 ± 0.0 ×105 cfu/ml). the total coliform was highest in well water (5.2 x 105 ± 0.3 x 105 cfu/ml) followed by ponds (5.1 x 105 ± 0.0 x 105 cfu/ml) while borehole water had the least count. The heterotrophic bacterial count in Bolgang was highest in ponds (7.6 x 105 ± 0.0 x 105 cfu/ml) and borehole had the least count (1.1 x 105 ± 0.0 x 105 cfu/ml). On the other hand, the total coliform count was highest in well water (5.2 x 105 ± 0.3 x 105 cfu/ml) and least in borehole. Only two of the water samples (Magama and Bolgang Centre boreholes) met the WHO standard for drinking water of 0 coliform as coliforms were isolated from other sources except two. The enteric bacteria isolated included Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecalis, Salmonella typhi and Proteus mirabilis. The water from the two villages were found to be unsuitable for consumption and recreational purposes without treatment. Generally, correlation studies revealed that pH, alkalinity and total hardness have a strong positive association with total heterotrophic and coliform counts. Therefore, as compared to standards, the waters studied could be regarded as physicochemically acceptable but bacteriologically unsafe for use as raw water for drinking, animal herding, recreational activities and the irrigation of food crops to be consumed raw. There is need to control the faecal bacteria, the indicator for the faecal pollution of the water bodies. Improvement in water quality and availability will aid hygienic practices and interrupt the transmission of enteric pathogens through contaminated water in the study area. Public health education aimed at improving personal, household and community hygiene is imperative. The waters studied was considered physicochemically acceptable but bacteriologically unsafe for use as raw water for drinking, animal herding, recreational activities and the irrigation of food crops to be consumed raw. [Okojokwu OJ, Butko DD, Ubandoma AMD, Dashen MM, Amapu TY, Azi HY, Egbere OJ, Chollom PF. Correlative Assessment of the Bacteriological and Physicochemical Parameters of Water Sources in Magma and Bolgang Villages of Langtang South, Plateau State, Nigeria. Researcher 2017;9(7):1-10]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 1. doi:10.7537/marsrsj090717.01.