Community Medicine

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://irepos.unijos.edu.ng/handle/123456789/11479

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Start date: 2010End date: 2020

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    Maternal Practices Affecting Under-Five Mortality in a Suburban Area of Jos, North-Central Nigeria
    (British Journal of Medicine & Medical Research, 2015) Esther Awazzi Envuladu; Ize Anuoluwapo Osagie; Amina Mohammed
    Background: The report of the Population Reference Bureau (2011) which stated that 76 out of every 1,000 infants die every year due to preventable causes like malaria, diarrhea and vaccine preventable diseases in sub-Saharan Africa is worrisome. Whereas, in advanced countries, infant mortality rate has dropped significantly to only five out of every 1,000 live birth. This is what has prompted this study -to determine the predictors of under-five mortality in a suburban area in Jos Plateau State Nigeria. Methods: The study was a community based cross-sectional survey in which households were selected by systematic sampling method from a randomly selected suburban community in Jos, Nigeria Results: The percentage prevalence of reported under-five mortality was found to be 10.8% with the cause of death being reported as malaria (48.4%), diarrhea (38.7%), pneumonia (9.7%) and unknown causes (3.2%), the positive predictors with significant under-five mortality were; high parity with odds of 3.3 times and p value of 0.001 in those with parity of 4-6 and about 16 times mortality with a p value of < 0.000 in those with parity greater than 6. Those who were not exclusively breastfed had 5.3 times the likelihood of mortality with a p value of 0.001 and mortality was 4 times higher in partially immunized children( p=0.027) and almost 12 times in those who were not immunized at all (p< 0.000) Conclusion: Percentage prevalence of reported under-five mortality was found to be higher among those with higher parity, lack of exclusive breastfeeding and poor immunization status in this study.
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    SUPERVISED SCHOOL BASED HEALTH EDUCATION ON MALARIA: REINFORCING PUPILS’ KNOWLEDGE.
    (ADVANCES IN MEDICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE RESEARCH (AMBSR), 2015-03) Agbo Hadiza A (MBBS, FWACP)
    Background: Malaria is a disease transmitted through the bite of the female Anopheles mosquito. It accounts for about 350–500 million clinical cases of morbidity worldwide and up to 50% of all deaths among African school-age children; being one of the commonest causes of childhood mortality in the country. Aim: The effect of a supervised malaria school based health education on pupils’ knowledge of malaria was determined. Materials and Methods: The study was a school based interventional study. Health education was used to reinforce teachers’ knowledge on malaria along with equipping them with relevant malaria teaching aids. Teachers’ in turn incorporated information into their pupils’ lesson notes. Pupils’ knowledge on malaria was compared initially at baseline and after the series of class lessons taught by their teachers through an interviewer administered questionnaires. Statistical analysis: Microsoft word Excel 2007 was used for data entry and cleaning while SPSS Version 16.0 was used for analysis. Results: One hundred and thirty pupils participated in the study 67 (51.5%) males and 63 (48.5%) females. The mean age was 9 ± 1.54 years. An improvement in malaria knowledge was recorded among the pupils at post-intervention in all aspects of the disease. Conclusion: An improvement in pupils’ knowledge on malaria may be achieved through a supervised teachers’ health education on malaria.
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    Comparison of microalbuminuria among treatment naïve HIV sero-positive and negative adult clients in Faith Alive Foundation Hospital, Jos
    (Nigerian Medical Journal, 2015-06-05) Shabbal,,Dalili Mohammed; Mustapha Abubakar; Abdulrahman3,Muhammad Bashir; Dalhatu2,Tijjani ,; Jamda1, Ibrahim
    This study is to determine microalbuminuria in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients before commencement of highly active anti-retroviral treatment (HAART). Patients and Methods: Consecutive patients with the HIV infection seen in the HIV counselling and testing (HCT) unit of the Faith Alive Foundation Hospital, Jos, and a similar group of healthy uninfected patients were evaluated for renal disease: Urinary albumin and urinary creatinine were analysed. Results: Of the 200 patients with HIV infection and 100 uninfected controls studied, increased urinary albumin excretion (UAE) was present in 39 (19.5%) of the subjects and 5.0 (5.0%) of controls. The difference between the mean values for the UAE for both subjects and controls [182.3 ± 54.3 and 163.9 ± 39.3 mg/l, respectively (P = 0.006)] was statistically significant. On the other hand the urinary creatinine for both the subjects and controls [11.7 ± 5.2 and 12.0 ± 4.8 mmol/L, respectively (P = 0.6)] was not statistically significant. The difference between the mean urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (UACR) for both subjects and controls [1.8 ± 1.2 mg/mmol and 1.4 ± 0.4 mg/mmol respectively (P = 0.001)] was statistically significant. Conclusion/Recommendation: Increase UAE is a common complication of HIV infection due to a number of factors other than HAART. Early screening for renal disease using microalbuminuria is very useful since the use of medications such as angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, which could help reverse progression to end-stage renal disease
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    FACTORS AFFECTINGHOUSEHOLD FOOD SECURITY IN A RURAL COMMUNITY IN NORTH-CENTRAL NIGERIA
    (International Journal of Community Research, 2012-07-28) Banwat M.E.; Lar L.A.; Dakum L.B.; Igoh C.S.; Daboer J.C.; Ogbonna C
    Although the proportion of hungry people in the world is slowly decreasing, there are presently 852 million people worldwide who are chronically undernourished; mostly rural dwellers in the lower socio-economic strata. This study therefore examines the factors influencing household food security in a rural community in North Central Nigeria. Using Multistage sampling technique, 235 households were sampled. Interviewer administered structured questionnaires were used to gather data which were collated and analyzed using Epi Info version 3.5.3. The value P<0.05 was considered statistically significant with a confidence level of 95%.The results showed that 66.2% of studied households grew most of their consumed food on their farmlands, while 43.8% of the households spent between 25–50% of their monthly income on feeding their members. Although most of the households (72.9%) dry and bag their farm produce after harvest, 77.8% lose 0-24% of the produce to spoilage or pests yearly. In addition, poverty (47.5%) was observed to be the commonest factor limiting access to sufficient food, while poverty and poor storage were notable factors affecting household food security among rural dwellers. Therefore, governments and non-governmental organizations need to employ strategies that will ensure poverty reduction and improve food storage and processing facilities
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    Traditional Birth Practices and Reasons for Preference of Home Delivery Among Women in Some Rural Communities of Plateau State
    (CPQ Medicine, 2018-05-31) Envuladu, E. A; Miner, C. A.; Osagie, I. A; Lawan, U. M.; Shambe, I. H; Jibrin, E. F.; Egga, A. K.; Dbal, D. J
    Introduction It is difficult to imagine if Nigeria can meet up with the SDG target of global reduction of maternal mortality to 70/100,000 or the supplementary national target that no country should have an MMR greater than 140/100,000 considering the persistent high rate of home delivery. Women do not want to die during child birth, but various factors have kept them from delivering in the health facilities. This research therefore set out to assess the birth practices and the reasons for home delivery among women in Jos South LGA, Plateau state. Methodology It was a community-based cross-sectional study conducted among 253 women who have ever given birth. A household survey was conducted to interview women who gave consent using an adapted questionnaire. The findings were analysed with Epi info version 3.5.4 statistical software. Results While 9.9% had tertiary education, 39.5% had no formal education. About 48% said they were forbidden from taking certain food items such as meat and some vegetables during pregnancy for reasons that the babies will either be too big or abnormal. Home delivery was 74% while delivery by skilled attendant was 31%. Almost all the home deliveries were attended to by traditional birth attendants, mothers-in-law and relatives. Reasons for home delivery were: lack of money for hospital bills, distance to health facilities, harsh treatment from health workers and interestingly is the birth position which 57.4% prefer squatting or sitting against the lithotomy position in the health facilities. Conclusion The study revealed high rate of home delivery and pertinent factors that influence home delivery, one of which is the birth positions they are compelled to take in the health facilities against their desired positions.
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    Knowledge and Intake of Fruit and Vegetables Consumption among Adults in an Urban Community in North Central Nigeria.
    (The Nigerian Health Journal, 2012-01) Banwat,Mathilda Edmund; Lar,Luret Albert; Daboer,Jonathan; Audu,Sunday; Lassa.Samuel
    Background: Fruit and vegetable consumption is an essential source of vital nutrients for the body's micronutrient requirements. However, the knowledge and intake of this essential aspect of nutrition is globally poor. This study therefore aimed at assessing the knowledge and intake of vegetables and fruits among adults in Tudun Wada Community of Jos North LGA, Central Nigeria. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study where 250 respondents were selected using a Multistage Sampling technique. Structured questionnaires were used to gather data, which were analyzed using Epi info version 3.5.1. Qualitative data are presented as frequencies and percentages while Chi-square is used to evaluate associations between outcome variables and demographic variables. Results: There was an overall fair knowledge of the nutritional value of fruits and vegetables among majority (92.4%) the respondents, with a statistically significant association between level of education attained and knowledge (p<0.05). Females were also noted to have a better practice of fruit and vegetable consumption than their male peers (p < 0.05). The appropriate practice of fruit and vegetable consumption was however not as high as knowledge: with only 69.2% of the respondents having appropriate consumption practices. Conclusion: The low level of appropriate practice of fruit and vegetable consumption by adults in the study area needs to be improved by health workers using the mass media, health talks and one-on-one health education of patients and clients during health facility visits.
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    Patients Preferences regarding Outpatient Appointments in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital
    (IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences, 2019-06) Akosu J. Tyavyar; Tolulope Afolaranmi; Usar Joseph Iornumbe; Odunze Pius
    Background One of the major causes of long waiting time in outpatient clinics that affect patient satisfaction is the lack of a well-designed appointment system. The purpose of this study was to determine the appointment system patients prefer for their outpatient appointments and the reasons for the system currently in use in Jos University Teaching Hospital. Methodology A semi- structured interviewer administered questionnaire was used to collect data from the scheduling officers and,202 outpatient clients selected by multi stage sampling technique. Data was analysed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 25. Results Over seventy percent (70.3%) of respondents would prefer time specific (scattered) appointment while only 14.8% would prefer the single block appointment system currently in use in the hospital. The main reasons for using the single block appointment system are that it’s easy and the other appointment systems will make the scheduling task difficult. Conclusion Only 14.8% of Jos University Teaching Hospital’s outpatient clients prefer the single block appointment system used by the hospital to schedule outpatient appointments. Efforts should be made to use the time specific appointment system preferred by over 70% of the clients.
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    Endomyocardial Fibrosis: An Unusual Presentation
    (Francesco Pelliccia, Department of Heart and Great Vessels University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy, 2017-07-17) Chundusu C. M; Rapheal S. C; Kumtap Y. C; Gomerep V. S; Danbauchi S. S
    ABSTRACT Endomyocardial fibrosis is a tropical disease, characterised by fibrosis in the endocardium and subjacent myocardium affecting particularly the inflow tract and the apex of one or both ventricles. This case highlights the occurrence of EMF in an elderly woman without the typical/characteristic physical findings of EMF.
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    Public-Private mix in tuberculosis control: An assessment of level of implementation in Jos, Plateau State
    (The Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal, 2013-12) Daboer JC; Lar LA; Afolaranmi TO; Bupwatda PW; Dami N
    Aims and Objectives: After the initial gains in Tuberculosis case detection and cure rates, progress became stunted by persisting constraints and challenges in the implementation of the Directly Observed Treatment Short course strategy. This prompted the Stop Tuberculosis partners in 2006 to adopt innovative approaches including the Public-Private Mix, to improve access to and quality of care. This paper assesses the level of Public-Private Mix in Tuberculosis control in Jos, Plateau State. Materials and Methods: This was a facility-based, cross sectional study where data from all consenting private health care facilities owned by medically trained personnel and private medical practitioners in Jos North and Jos South Local Government Areas was collected using structured questionnaires. Results: Eight (47.1%) of all 17 facilities assessed gave anti Tuberculosis drugs on clinical suspicion of Tuberculosis, 5(29.4%) required Acid Fast Bacillus result and 3(17.6%) referred elsewhere for the Tuberculosis management. Only 6 facilities (35.3%) were microscopy, treatment centres, or both. Ten (58.8%) of the facilities had the Directly Observed Treatment Short course guidelines, but these could be sighted in only 5 (29.4%), while six (35.3%) had Tuberculosis record and referral forms. In 13 (76.5%) of the facilities, no local government Tuberculosis and Leprosy supervisors had ever visited them. Only 30 (57.7%) medical practitioners had access to the Directly Observed Treatment Short course. Thirty two (61.5%) respondents treated Tuberculosis according to the Directly Observed Treatment Short course strategy, but 19 (36.5%) still used the conventional method. Only 22(42.3%) practitioners had ever received any training on the Directly Observed Treatment Short course strategy. Conclusion: The level of Public-Private Mix in Tuberculosis control in Jos is low.
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    The Quality of Drinking Well Waters in Jos Metropolis, North Central Nigeria.
    (Jos Journal of Medicine, 2012) Envuladu E.A; Chingle M.P; Banwat M.E; Lar L.A; Yusuff O.E.; Audu .S; Dakhin A; Zoakah A.I
    Background: Water quality is a term used to describe the chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of water, usually in respect to its suitability for a particular purpose. Water is said to be polluted if there is an excess, whatsoever, in the values (concentration levels) of the physical, chemical, biological or radioactive properties that have a negative effect on human health. Methodology: Twenty different Areas within Jos Metropolis were selected by simple random sampling for the research, Samples of water were drawn from wells in these areas in duplicate through simple random sampling selection of the wells giving a total of forty different sampled waters and the physical, chemical and biological analysis of the water was done using standard methods. Result: All the wells had turbidity greater than the acceptable value of not more than 5.0 NTU with 19(47.5%) wells having values as high as 20-29 NTU and 2(5%) wells with values of 40-49 NTU. The PH level for all the wells were within the normal range but the nitrite above the normal range in most (82.5%) of the wells except in 7(17.5%) wells that had values between 0.01-0.02mg/L. The coliform count was found to be high in all the sampled water with 33(82.5%) wells having values as high as 5-9 coliform count per 100mls of water. Conclusion: Water-related diseases continue to be one of the major health problems globally. Drinking water quality must be within tolerable use-limits for human consumption. In the study conducted, it was obvious that all the wells did not meet the standard requirement for quality drinking water since all the wells had coliform count above the recommended value for Standard Organization of Nigeria(SON), National agency for food drug administration and control(NAFDAC) and World Health Organization(WHO).