Faculty of Social Sciences
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Item Relationship between Health Locus of Control and Risky Sexual Behaviors among Nigerian Adolescents(Journal of AIDS & Clinical Research, 2015) Jennifer Pharr; Victor Enejoh; Bertille Octavie Mavegam; Ayodotun Olutola; Haruna Karick; Echezona E EzeanolueHIV/AIDS knowledge has been rated as the most important factor for HIV prevention. However, studies have also shown that knowledge alone does not always translate into reduced risky sexual behavior (RSB). Health locus of control (HLC) categorized as perceived control over health status (internal locus of control) or attribution of health status to chance or fate (external health locus of control) is a psychological construct that has been shown to impact health outcomes including RSB. This study thus investigated the relationship between HLC and RSB among Nigerian adolescents. A cross-sectional survey design was employed among 361 adolescents from nine senior secondary schools selected through stratified random sampling from Jos, Plateau State Nigeria. Data were collected between August and October of 2008. Health Locus of Control Scale was used to categorize individuals into having either an internal or external HLC. RSB was assessed using the Brief HIV Screener (BHS). Descriptive statistics were computed and Mann-Whitney U test was used to determine differences in BHS scores by HLC categories. Odds ratios and adjusted odds ratios were calculated for individual BHS question responses based on HLC. Participants were 169 males (46.8%) and 192 females (53.2%) with a mean age of 16.9. When grouped into HLC categories, 141 were internal and 220 were external. The mean score on the BHS showed statistically significant difference based on HLC (p=0.01). Odds for using a condom during sexual intercourse were higher for adolescents with an internal HLC while adolescents with an external HLC had significantly higher RSB scores. Prevention programs targeted at adolescents should also aim to internalize their HLC.Item The Politics of Security Deployment of Security Operatives to Jos Metropolis, Plateau State, Nigeria 2001-2014(Slovak Journal of Political Sciences, 2017) Umar Dantani; Peter Nungshak Wika; Abdullahi, Muhammad MaigariThe paper examines the politics of security deployment by the Federal Government of Nigeria to Jos, metropolis. A cross-sectional study was conducted and Public Opinion Theory adopted. Methodologically, mixed methods of data collection were conducted that involved the administration of 377 questionnaires to adult respondents, six In-Depth Interviews with religious and community leaders while three Key Informant Interviews with security personnel working with Special Task Force. The survey reveals that, the deployment of Mobile Police from 2001-2010 and the formation of Special Task Force in 2010 has generated mixed reactions and divergent perceptions among the residents of Jos metropolis. Majority of the ethnic groups that are predominantly Christians were more contented with the deployment of the Mobile Police whereas ethnic groups that are dominantly Muslims questioned the neutrality, capability, performance and strength of the Nigerian Police Force in managing the crises. The study recommends that, security personnel should display high degree of neutrality in order to earn the confidence of the residents and change their perceptions.Item Democratic Governance, Sustainable Development and Insecurity in Africa: The Nigerian Experience(International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI), 2021-01) Gubak, Happy Daniel; Gubam, Dimas Solomon; Piwuna, Phidelia ZachariaAbstract: The paper assesses the responsibilities of the government to its citizens and the state participation in provision of basic or essential amenities for the citizens. It argues that aside from economic challenges, corruption, ignorance, insecurity and illiteracy remain some of the major hindrances to welfarism and consequently democratic governance in Africa in general and Nigeria in particular. The paper therefore, assesses the African Union (AU) and the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) efforts at ensuring democratic governance in the continent and the sub-region respectively. The paper concludes that the Nigerian state, Economic community of West African states (ECOWAS) and the African Union (AU) need to take important steps in stabilizing the economy of member states such as Nigeria towards promoting democratic governance in the sub-region of West Africa and the African region in general. Findings from the study reveals that despite the lofty objectives of the AU and ECOWAS, they lack the institutional machinery and capacity to fully ensure good governance in member states and that bad governance or corrupt leadership has been the bane of democratic governance in Africa and Nigeria in particular among other various challenges of democratic consolidation. They often focus more attention and energy on issues such as monitoring elections, peace keeping activities and discouraging illegal overthrown of governments, especially through coup d’état than fostering a culture of good governance. It recommends among others that welfarism should be the watchword of governance in Africa and there should be strong commitment by the government to the achievement of MDGs/SDGs. The study employed solely the qualitative method of data analysis. As such, information were drawn from secondary sources of data collection such as text books, journal articles, Newspapers, workshop and conference papers and reports.Item A CASE FOR THE NIGERIAN ECONOMY(1998) Achi Vincent Balathe economy is the center of life of every nation. A government is judged as good based on ils economic successes and a nation is graded as belonging to the first, second and third world, based on its economic growth. The economy determines the growth in science and technology. It is no wonder that Edwin contends that Western diplomats and Nigerians as well, on seeing the size of Nigeria; the diversity and enterprise of her people in the 1960s, expressed the most optimistic hopes for Nigeria’s economic u-turn! Odiogor and Njoku reiterated this fact when they made it clear that, “Nigeria and Asian countries such as Mafaysia and Indonesia were in the same social and economic group in the 1960s".?. That made the world to envisage Nigeria as the future giant of Africa. Today, Nigeria is nothing more than a bastion of economic ruins. She has been out paced by her Asian counterparts and her citizens only live in the reminiscence of her glorious economic past. But then, is there any hope of revamping and liberating our economy tromits ruins? This work seeks to explore this question.Item Democracy and Perceived Public Confidence in The Judiciary: Roles of Socio-Economy and Gender(Indexed Society of African Journals Editors (SAJE), 2020-01) Okafor, Chiedozie Okechukwu; Chienweze, Uzochukwu Chukwuka; Abu, Hassan Salawu; Umoh, NanjiRimdanThe study investigated public perception of the judiciary as a fair plank of justice system in Nigeria democracy based on an analysis of the Enugu State Judiciary. Two hundred and sixteen (216) residents of Enugu State from 9 local government areas participated in theItem ARAB UPRISINGS, DEMOCRATIC DEFICIT AND THE UPGRADE OF AUTHORITARIANISM IN JORDAN(IGWEBUIKE: An African Journal of Arts and Humanities, 2017-04) Bulus; Kwopnan Ibrahim; Ngonadi; Anthony OnwuegbuchulamDespite the regional turmoil that was witnessed in parts of the Middle East and North Africa, the Arab monarchies have continued to be resilient. While the Arab uprisings shattered the dictatorial regimes of Egypt, Libya, Tunisia and Yemen within a year, the Arab monarchies have been able to suppress the uprisings and ensure stability. This paper examines the impact of uprisings on the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. It also takes a look at different perspectives relating to the lack of democracy in Jordan and other Arab monarchies. The paper finds out that the happenings of the Arab spring in Jordan more or less did little in weakening the monarchical system but rather has led to an upgrade of the autocratic status where the powers of the monarch is not threatened but the strength and capacity of opposition groups is drastically reduced. Finally, it considers the upgrade of authoritarianism as the survival strategy of the monarch of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan.Item The In vivo Antioxidant Protective Activity of Mangifera indica Cold Aqueous Leaf Extract in Drosophila Melanogaster(2019-08-24) Etuh, Monday Alexander; John C. Aguiyi; Ochala, Sunshine Ogwu; Omale Simeon; Oyeniran, Oluwatosin Imoleayo; Olusegun Debola; Dung PamObjective: To evaluate in vivo antioxidant activity of Mangifera indica cold aqueous leaf extract. Methods: A number of 50 adult flies were exposed to graded concentrations of Mangifera indca cold aqueous leaf extract, 2.5 mg/10 g diet, 5 mg/10 g diet and 10 mg/10 g diet for 5 days. Each concentration was prepared in 200 µl of distilled water and replicated five times. 10 g diet with 200 µl distilled water served as control. Mortality reading was taken at 24 hours interval. The flies were homogenized, centrifuged and the supernatant was used to assay for Glutathione-S-transferase (GST), Catalase (CAT) and Total thiol content. Results: The % mortality of flies after 5 days showed 32.5%, 0%, 15.5% and 37% in the control (10 g diet with 200 µl of distilled water), 2.5 mg/10 g diet, 5 mg/10 g diet and 10 mg/ 10 g dietItem Technology Innovation and Sustainable Entrepreneurship Development in Nigeria: Stakeholders’ Impact Assessment in Central Nigeria(Journal of Economics, Management and Trade, 2018) Eneji Mathias Agri; Nnandy Drenkat Kennedy; Gukat Olivia Bonmwa; Odey Francis AchaThis study seeks to find out the impact of technology innovation on sustainable entrepreneurship development in Nigeria. Technology innovation seems to impact on entrepreneurship, and one cannot deny the fact that entrepreneurship development can also impact on technology innovation. Nigeria’s indigenous technology seems to have disappeared. The country has imported foreign technology worth billions of dollars, most of which have become obsolete in all sectors of the economy. It shows that technology absorption and mastery in Nigeria require more than importation. There has been the absence of remarkable indigenous efforts to evolve an indigenous technology. This study uses survey method and interview with sampled stakeholders in Central Nigeria. Evaluation of findings was done using simple percentages statistical technique. The level of technology innovation in Nigeria is low, as such, entrepreneurship is weak. This is caused by economic, political, socio-cultural and environmental factors. This study focuses on economic factors though with interlink with other factors. Supplementary multiple regression analysis is carried out using secondary data. The diffusion of indigenous technology will have widespread, albeit differentiated impact on Nigeria’s entrepreneurship through the agricultural, industrial, service sectors, including telecommunications. The educational and private sectors in Nigeria should play a leading role in indigenous technology incubation, innovation, adoption and transfer. Innovation and entrepreneurship will increase employment for Nigeria. However, the institutional environment and capacities to encourage innovation are weak. Nigeria needs to evolve a comprehensive public policy for science, technology and innovation through technical education and training.Collection