Faculty of Veterinary Medicine

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    Prevalence of Swine Gastrointestinal Parasites in Four Selected Local Government Areas of Nasarawa State, Nigeria
    (International Journal of Livestock Research, 2016-01-01) Karaye, G. P.; Dogo, A. G.; Iliyasu, D.; Madu, H. K.
    Gastrointestinal parasitic infections in swine are one of the major challenges in pig production in Nigeria. It causes substantial reproductive losses, poor reproductive performance and production in swine industry. Internal parasites are known to deteriorate the wellbeing of pigs by robbing the essential nutrients that are required for optimum reproduction and productivity. It also injured some vital organs which play key role in metabolic activities and assimilation process. The consequences are anorexia, poor growth rate, anaemia, emaciation, infertility and condemnation of affected organs after slaughter. The study was designed to collect two hundred feacal samples from 4 local government area (Laminga, Tammah, Nasarawa and Kusa) of Nasarawa state between (March to July 2015). Fifty samples were randomly collected from each local government areas within the study period. The samples collected were evaluated microscopically for different prevalence of gastro intestinal parasites GIT in pigs. Five species of gastrointestinal parasites were identified with prevalence of 13.5 % for Ascaris suum and strongyloides while Fasciola, trichuris suis cyst and Oesophagustomum oocyst had a prevalence of 7.5 % and 2.5 % respectively. A prevalence of 61.5 % was observed as overall species prevalence in the 200 fecal samples analysed. Therefore, there is a need for combined efforts to control parasites infections for optimum production of pigs and prevention of zoonotic helminthiasis.
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    BILATERALLY SYMMETRICAL FORAMINA ON THE PARIETAL BONE OF THE BOVINE SKULL: A CASE REPORT
    (Animal Research International, 2016-04) GOSOMJI, Innocent Jonah; BYANET, Obadiah; OKPE, Godwin Chidozie; OMIRINDE, Jamiu Oyewole; FADEN, Daniel Menfa; GURUMYEN, George Yilzem; GALADIMA, Makchit; PLANG, Naanman James
    Different bovine skull developmental defects have been reported with variable frequency of occurrence. We hereby report a bilaterally symmetrical parietal foramina in a processed skull meant for osteological practical at the Department of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Jos, Nigeria. The depths of each of the foramina were 4.3 cm, while the diameters were 1 cm. This appears to be the first report of such foramina in the skull of bovine in North Central Nigeria.
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    Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Faecal Shedding of Cryptosporidium Oocysts in Dogs in the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, Nigeria
    (Hindawi Publishing Corporation Veterinary Medicine International, 2016) GbemisolaMagaret Olabanji; Beatty VivMaikai,; Gbeminiyi Richard Otolorin
    Cryptosporidium is one of the causes of diarrhoeal illness in man and animals worldwide.The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with faecal shedding of Cryptosporidium oocysts in dogs in FCT Abuja, Nigeria. A total of 276 dog faecal samples were examined using Modified Acid Fast (MAF) technique and Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Fifteen (5.4%) and 51 (18.5%) out of the 276 dog faecal samples examined were positive for Cryptosporidium oocysts and coproantigens, respectively. There was a fair agreement (0.371) between the two tests used in this study. The prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection was highest in 4 dogs (21.0%) between 3 and 9 months of age. Ten diarrhoeic dogs (30.3%) and 31 dogs from rural settlements were more infected (22.46%) with Cryptosporidium oocysts.There was statistical association between prevalence of Cryptosporidium and confinement of dogs (OR = 0.41; 95% CI on OR: 0.21 < OR < 0.80). However, there was no statistical association (𝑃 > 0.05) between prevalence of Cryptosporidium and age, diarrhoeic status of the dogs, sex, breed, and location. A total of 62.7% respondents did not have prior knowledge about dogs harbouring organisms that can infect humans. The finding of this research is of public health significance.
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    Occurrence of Cysticercus bovis and Faciola species in Cattle Slaughtered at the Jos abattoir
    (Greener Journal of Biological Sciences, 2015-11) Pam, D.D.; Pam, V.A.; Abdullateef, M.H.; Ogbu, K.I.; Bot, C.C.
    The study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of Cysticercus bovis in slaughtered cattle in Jos abattoir between 2007 and 2012 using the record in Jos abattoir, Plateau state, Nigeria. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of Cysticercus bovis in slaughtered cattle. A total of 2281 carcasses were examined during the period of the study. Record of various years was collected in the abattoir. The high prevalence of Cysticercus bovis was recorded in 2008(91.5%) followed by 2007(76.5%) and the lowest prevalence of 13.5% in 2010 and 2012. The major factors related to the high prevalence of Cysticercus are as a result of illiteracy, poor management system, lack of veterinary services and sanitary condition. the following percentage was recorded for the years 2008(91.5%) 2007(76.5%) 2011(6.5%) 2010(13.5%) and 2012(13.5%) the difference was statistically significant (P >0.05) The result of this study have shown the existence of Cysticercus bovis in beef carcasses processed at the Jos abattoir which is a possible public health risk in the study area.
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    HISTOGENESIS OF THE STOMACH OF HELMETED GUINEA FOWL (NUMIDA MELEAGRIS )
    (2017-04-14) GOSOMJI, Innocent Jonah; SALAMI, Sulaiman Olawoye; NZALAK, James Oliver; KAWU, Muhammed Umar; OKPE, Godwin Chidozie; GURUMYEN, Yilzem George; OMIRINDEJamiu Oyewole; DUNG, Edward Christopher; PLANG, Naanman James
    The histogenesis of the stomach (proventriculus and ventriculus) of helmeted guinea f o w l ( N u m i d a m e l e a g r i s ) w a s s t u d i e d u s i n g li g h t m i c r o s c o p y a n d h i s t o c h e m i c a l techniques. Fifteen (15) embryos were utilized for this study. The result showed that at 10 th a n d 1 3 th d a y s o f e m b r y o n i c d e v e l o p m e n t , t h e p r i m o r d i a l p r o v e n t r i c u l u s a n d v e n t r i c u l u s w e r e li n e d b y p s e u d o s t r a t i f i e d c o l u m n a r e p i t h e l i u m s u r r o u n d e d b y mesenchyme connective tissue. At 19 th day of embryonic development, the epithelium of t h e p r o v e n t r i c u l u s a n d v e n t r i c u l u s a s w e ll a s t h e p r o v e n t r i c u l a r g l a n d s w a s li n e d b y simple cuboidal epithelium. Tunics; tunica muscularis and serosa w ere evident at this stage. At 23 rd day of embryonic development, tubular glands of the ventriculus became c a n a li z e d . T h e 2 7 th d a y o f e m b r y o n i c d e v e l o m e n t o f t h e p r i m o r d i a l p r o v e n t r i c u l u s showed an organized glandular lobules, central cavity and prominent muscle layer while the ventriculus showed the presence of cuticle, simple tubular glands, loose connective tissues of the lamina propria and muscle layer. This study has shown that primordial stomach appeared to be completly differentiated to definitive st omach by the 27 th day with the potential of commencing functional role
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    FATAL SYNGAMUS TRACHEA INFECTION IN CHICKENS IN JOS, NORTH CENTRAL NIGERIA: A CASE REPORT
    (Animal Research International, 2020) GURUMYEN, George Yilzem,; BUBA, Deborah Maigawu,; ORAGWA, Arthur Obinna; PATROBAS, Maryam Nyeta; POLYCARP, Tanko Nwunuji,; DUNKA, Hassana Isaac,; OZIEGBE, Stanley David; TIZHE, Emmanuel Vandi; UBACHUKWU, Chidiebere Chiemerie
    Postmortem examination of chickens from a semi-intensive system was carried out following complaint of high mortality, loss of weight, sneezing and raising of heads and gaping. The farm had other types of birds which were also evaluated to ascertain their risk of transmission of Syngamus trachea. Lesions seen included anaemia, hyperemia of the trachea containing forked red warms (S. trachea), congested and haemorrhagic lungs and presence of Raillietina tetragona in the small intestine. Histologically, there was necrotizing trachealis, pulmonary congestion and haemorrhages. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first case report of S. trachea in Jos, North Central Nigeria.
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    Genetic Parameter Estimates for Milk and Conformation Traits of Multi-genotype Cattle
    (Asian Journal of Advances in Agricultural Research, 2018-03-05) Oludayo Michael Akinsola; Ishaya Bawa Atang; Adekola Omololu Atanda; Louis Ugwu; Danladi Shuaibu Bunjah; Dorcas John Jirgi; Muizzat Onozasi Bello
    The objectives of this research were to estimate the genetic parameters of milk and conformation traits under environmental sensitivity of multi-genotype cattle. The data from the study came from two genotypes of cows (Holstein and 3/4HolsteinX1/4Bunaji). Milk yield, six body traits (stature, ST; chest width, CW; body depth, BD; heart girth, HG; rump width, RW, chest ligament, CL) and four udder traits (rear udder height, RUH; rear udder width, RUW; udder clearance, UC; teat length, TL). Multi-trait animal models were used to estimate the (co)variance components based on average information restricted maximum likelihood method (AIREML) using R 3.0.3 software.
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    Occurrence of parasite eggs and oocysts in commonly consumed vegetables collected from selected markets in Zaria, Kaduna State Nigeria
    (2017-11-17) Patrobas MN; Okubanjo OO; Lawal IA; Kudi CA; Balami AG; Dunka HI
    Abstract A study was conducted with the objective of determining the occurrence of parasite eggs and oocysts in washed and unwashed vegetables sold in some selected markets in Zaria, Kaduna State. Cabbage (Brassica oleracea), Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), Lettuce (Lactuca sativa), Carrot (Daucus carota) and Spinach (Spinacea oleracea) were collected based on convenient sampling from 5 markets. Three hundred grams of each vegetable was purchased every week in the morning hours from each of the selected markets during the rainy and dry seasons. Floatation technique was used for processing of the vegetable samples. Unwashed vegetables (269) had more parasite eggs and oocysts than washed vegetables (209). Spinach (52.50%) had the highest contamination, followed by carrot (48.75%), cabbage (42.50%), lettuce (40.0%) and tomatoes (28.75%). There was a significant (p < 0.05) association between the occurrence of parasite eggs and oocysts and the washing of vegetables. Among the unwashed vegetables, lettuce was highly contaminated (58.75%) with parasite eggs and oocysts, followed by spinach (55.0%), carrot (55.0%), tomatoes (50.0%) and cabbage (39.75%). There was, however, no significant (p > 0.05) association between the occurrence of parasite eggs and oocysts and the unwashed vegetables. Among the different markets, vegetables purchased from Dan Magaji market (51.25%) were highly contaminated, followed by Tudun Wada (49.38%), Sabongari (48.75%), Zaria city (48.75%) and Samaru market (41.88%).There was, however, no significant (p > 0.05) association between the occurrence of parasite eggs and oocysts on vegetables and the markets where the vegetables were purchased. The study showed that eggs and oocysts of various parasites mainly of human and animal faecal origin were present on vegetables marketed for human consumption even after washing. Therefore, people should properly wash their vegetables before consumption and indiscriminate defecation should be discouraged to prevent contamination and improve hygienic conditions.
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    ECONOMIC LOSSES ASSOCIATED WITH THE SLAUGHTER OF PREGNANT ANIMALS IN JOS ABATTOIR.
    (International Journal of Advanced Research (IJAR), 2017-07) Dunka H. I; Buba D. M; Gurumyen Y. G; Oragwa A. O; Oziegbe S. D; Patrobas M. N
    Meat consumption demand is increasing with the growing population; however, livestock foetal wastage in the abattoirs/slaughter slabs in Nigeria is being documented. The trend of slaughtering pregnant animals is against the existing meat edict of 1968 and this accounts for a decrease in livestock production and huge financial losses which invariably affects the livestock economy. Hence, a 5-year retrospective study (2012-2016) was conducted to assess the level of economic implication of foetal wastages in cattle and goats slaughtered in Jos abattoir. The data collected were analyzed using Microsoft Excel, tables, and a graph chart. The total number of cattle and goat slaughtered and their foetuses were reported as documented. A total of 26,242 cattle and 4,612 goats were slaughtered, representing a yearly 5,250 and 922, monthly 437 and 77, and daily15 and 2.6 averages respectively. Out of these a total of 1,346 (4.5%) and 1,044 (22.6%) fetuses were wasted representing a yearly 269 and 209, monthly 22 and 17 and daily0.75 and 0.6for cattle and goats respectively. The economic loss associated with the total foetal wastages for cattle and goats in the present study was estimated at ₦174,980,000 ($571,830.07) and ₦10,044,000 ($328,235.29) respectively. The annual averages of cattle and goat fetal wastage are ₦34,970,000 ($114,281.06) and ₦2,090,000 ($6,830.07) respectively. It is, therefore, necessary to implement the law prohibiting the slaughter of pregnant animals through thorough antemortem inspection which will consequently improve the nation’s livestock economy.
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    Occurrence of Salmonella and Shigella in edible frogs (Hoplobatrachus spp) from Hanwa Frog market Zaria, Nigeria
    (2018-02-22) GSN Kia; EA Benjamin; EO Ajani; GR Otolorin
    Frogs have been associated with bacterial infection among those who handle them resulting in symptoms such as diarrhoea, abdominal cramps, fever and vomiting. Frogs are a rich source of proteins and they are considered a delicacy by some in Nigeria. Considering the high demand for edible frogs, it is important to determine the occurrence of Salmonella and Shigella organisms from edible frogs (Hoplobatrachus spp). Edible frogs (n=202) were collected from February to July, 2016, from the Hanwa frog market, Zaria, Kaduna State. The intestinal contents of each sampled frog were scraped into the selenite broth bottles and cultured on Deoxycholate Citrate Agar for enrichment and isolation respectively. Biochemical test and sugar fermentation tests were carried out on the suspected isolates. Overall, twenty seven 27(13.37%) of the processed samples were suggestive of Shigella, while 22(10.9%) were suspect Salmonella organisms. There was no significant association between sex of the frogs and the isolation of Shigella and Salmonella organisms, despite the high occurrence of Shigella organism (14.17%) in the males. Source wise the occurrence of Salmonella in frogs was high in Tudun Wada (20%), while Katsina (8.5%) had the least. There was also no association between source and Shigella organisms. Frogs within the weight range of 175-224g had the highest occurrence rate for Shigella isolation, while frogs of 73 125g weight range had the highest occurrence rate for Salmonella isolation. This study shows the presence of Shigella and Salmonella organisms in the intestinal contents of frogs. Therefore the unhygienic and unsanitary environment, handling and processing of frogs is of great public health concern and as such measures are to be put together to ensure safety and wholesomeness of the frog meat been sold for human consumption.