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Item Placental Malaria Associated With Low Birth Weight among HIV-Infected Pregnant Women on Cotrimoxazole Prophylaxis in Jos, Nigeria(South Asian Research Journal of Medical Sciences, 2019-10-15) Murna Ahmed Ali; Joseph Aje Anejo-Okop; Stephen Oguche; Jonah Musa; Ocheme Julius Okojokwu; Patricia Manko La; Suleiman Mohammed Maryam; Ediga Bede AgboThe effectiveness of prophylaxis with cotrimoxazole against placental and infants’ malaria parasitaemia, anaemia and birth weight was assessed among HIV-infected pregnant women in Jos. Thick and thin blood smears of placental and cord blood were examined for malaria parasitaemia while other birth outcomes were taken at delivery. Out of the 135 HIV-infected pregnant women exposed to cotrimoxazole (CTX) Group A and 100 to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) Group B for prophylaxis, 102(75.6%) and 93(93.0%) in groups A and B respectively were followed-up to delivery. Three (2.94%) infants in group A and 1 (0.98%) in group B were preterm deliveries/stillbirths. No maternal death was recorded throughout the study. Placental malaria was 5.9% among group A and 7.5% among group B. No malaria parasites were detected in the cord blood of group A infants while 3.2% of group B infants were infected with the parasites. Mean placental malaria parasitaemia was low (<2000asp/µl) throughout the study, with 1266.6 and 0 asp/µl in the placenta and cord blood respectively of Group A and 1157.14 and 933.3 asp/µl respectively, in group B. Severe infants’ anaemia (PCV<25), was higher among study population who took SP for prophylaxis compared to those who took CTX 8(8.60%) and 6(5.90%) respectively. The means of all other birth outcomes were within normal ranges except for the placental and cord blood PCVs which were slightly lower than the normal ranges (36-47% and 42-60% respectively). Low birth weight (LBW) was observed among infants in SP group (B) than CTX group (A). Placental malaria was significantly associated with cord blood malaria, infant birth weight, and cord blood PCV. Prophylaxis with CTX effectively reduced placental and infants’ malaria parasitaemia compared to the standard SP. Continuous monitoring of haemoglobin status of HIV-infected pregnant women with low CD4+ count should be strengthened for promptly treatment of anaemic patients.Item Prevalence and drug-resistance profile of plasmid borne extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBLs) resistance genes in multidrug resistant Escherichia coli from HIV-1 positive individuals in Jos, Nigeria(2020-09-10) Murna Ahmed Ali; Ocheme Julius Okojokwu; Ujeh Anthony Augustine; Chad Achenbach; Joseph AjeAnejo-Okopi; Patricia MankoLar; Godwin Imade; Atiene Solomon SagayProduction of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) can lead to treatment failures when the antibiotics are used. This study detected ESBLs genes on Multidrug Resistant Escherichia coli from HIV-infected individuals attending some hospitals in Jos. Eighty (80) isolates of multidrug resistant (MDR) E. coli were screened for plasmids. ESBLs genes including bla-CTX, bla-TEM and bla-SHV were detected on the plasmids using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with 100 bp DNA ladder as DNA molecular weight marker. Out of the total 38 plasmids tested, ESBLs genes occurred in 13 (34.21%), with the bla-TEM dominating [7 (53.85%)] over the bla-CTX [4 (30.77%)]. Two (15.38%) of the isolates carried both genes. None of the isolates carried the bla-SHV gene in our study. All the strains showed resistance to SXT, AMC and CTX. Resistance was most frequently observed against SXT (13), AMC (13), CTX (13), CFM (12), F (8), NA (6), GN (5), CRO (4), OFX (2) and CIP (1). None of the ESBLs-bearing strains showed resistance to IPM. Result showed 34.21% prevalence of ESBLs and suggested the need to be more cautious with the clinical use of third generation Cephalosporins especially for the treatment of acute infections caused by E. coli due to the high resistance recorded.Item Genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection among pregnant women in Jos north, Jos, Nigeria: A hospital based cross-sectional study(International Journal of Bioscience and Biochemistry, 2019-12-04) Ocheme Julius Okojokwu; Innocent Ajegba Onaji; Bashiru Shafa Abubakar; Maryam Bisola Adebayo; Nanman Ladul Mwankat; Ibrahim Abubakar Yusuf; Francis Ofuowoicho Ukah; Entonu Elijah Entonu; Murna Ahmed Ali; Amos Obaje Ogaji1; Joseph Aje Anejo-OkopiBackground: Chlamydia, infection caused by Chlamydial trachomatis, is recognized as one of the most prevalent curable sexually transmitted infections. Chlamydial infections during pregnancy have been considered as significant factors in the causation of poor pregnancy outcome and complications like ectopic pregnancy, low weight birth, still birth etc. Objectives: The study was undertaken to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with Chlamydia trachomatis infection among pregnant women accessing antenatal care in Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria. Methods: A total of 200 endocervical swabs were collected from consenting pregnant women who were attending antenatal clinic in Faith Alive Foundation Hospital, Jos, Nigeria. Structured questionnaire was used to obtain data on socio-demography and risk factors. The samples were analyzed using lateral flow immunoassay – Rapid Test Device (Swab/Urine) (International Ltd. China). Results: Chlamydia prevalence of 48.5% was established in the current study. The age group 24 – 28 years had the highest prevalence of 67.1% while the least prevalence (23.5%) was recorded among women older than 43 years. This variation of chlamydia prevalence was significantly associated with age group (χ2 = 16.541; p = 0.001). demographics such as marital status and educational status were not associated (p > 0.05) with chlamydia but in addition to age, occupation of the women was significantly associated (χ2 = 44.490; p = 0.001) with the infection. Unskilled women had the highest chlamydia prevalence (74.7%) as opposed to 20% recorded in skilled women and 47.1% among the semi-skilled women. Risk factors like HIV status was significantly associated (χ2 = 27.205; p = 0.001) with chlamydia. HIV positive women had chlamydia prevalence of 83.7% compared with 38.9% in their HIV negative counterparts. Conclusion: The study demonstrated chlamydia prevalence of 48.5% in this study. Age group, history of STI, use of IUD, history of abortion among others were identified as risk factors associated with the infection.