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Item Subsidising the Cost of Land for Low Income Housing: Some Evidence from Jos, Nigeria(Journal of Surveying, Construction and Property (JSCP), 2017) Maren Mallo Daniel; Sanda Nehemiah Yakubu; Celina Onugba Omogor; Adesina AkandeThis study aims to examine the variables that influence the application of land and infrastructure subsidy for low-income housing provision in the city of Jos, Nigeria. Data was collected by conducting interviews with the representatives of the relevant government agencies and those of the house building companies. This was transcribed and examined alongside documentary evidences. The analysis was conducted in line with the study’s objectives: The first was to examine how the policy for subsidising the cost of land applies in the local context in Jos. The data examined in connection to this objective suggest that there is an absence of a uniform approach to the application of the subsidy policy by the three tiers—federal, state and local—of government. The approaches adopted by the federal and state government agencies were seen not to be effective in supplying the subsidies needed by private developers. The second objective was interested in scrutinising the variables influencing the arrangement for subsidising the cost of land in Jos. The data analysed confirms that the lack of proper understanding of land subsidy policy among government officials, the absence of political will on the part of State and Federal government agencies, the absence of transparency and accountability on the part of government officials, the absence of legislation in support of the subsidy policy, and bureaucratic constraints were the key variables influencing the subsidy arrangement in Jos. These findings were examined and some recommendations were proffered.Item Peacebuilding and Nigeria’s 2023 General Election: An analysis of cases from Benue and Plateau State(HUMANUS DISCOURSE, 2023) John Tavershima Agberagba; Anna Mafuyai Alahirah; Celine Akudo AgboolaINEC staff work ethics; voter intimidation and inducement; security agents’ use of firearms, and peacekeeping at polling units. These topics are common election issues that arose in the 2023 Nigerian general election. This article is necessary to address the gap in the scholarly literature on Nigerian elections and its consequent lack of impact on election policy. We use cases from Benue and Plateau states based on participatory observation and descriptive presentation; and were view data from the internet, books, and articles. We theorise, Human Needs, the cases and find that the Police used pep-talk, threats, and firearms during the 2023 general elections in Benue state, but pep-talk is paternalism, an inhibiting satisfier; threats are pseudo-satisfiers and firearms are destructive satisfiers. Moreover, party agents and supporters used abuses and “religious shaming,” inhibiting satisfiers against each other and INEC officers in Plateau. Similarly, the agents and party supporters used cooked food and drinks, salt, Maggi cubes, and bags of rice even on voting day to induce voters. However, INEC staff succeeded in their work, and the elders in keeping peace because they used a synergic satisfier, that is, INEC used self-managed hard work and the elders used wisdom to prevail on agents and supporters not to share induced material at the polling unit. Therefore, we recommend the followings, that is, community elders and youth be trained and paid to maintain peace at polling units; voters be given a meal on election days to reduce voter inducement; some of the prescribed 1999 Nigerian constitutional synergic satisfiers be made rights of Nigerian as a problem-solving for empowering women, youth, the Police, and community elders in minimizing voter intimidation and inducement to conduct credible, free, and fair elections without violence in Nigeria.Item Antibiogram of Bacteria Isolated from Locally Processed Cow Milk Products Sold in Keffi Metropolis, Nasarawa State, Nigeria(Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare, 2014) Makwin Danladi Makut; Mary Azumi Nyam; Tarfena Yoila Amapu; Abbul-Mutalib AhmedAn investigation was conducted to determine the antibiogram of bacterial species isolated from locally processed cow milk products sold in Keffi metropolis, Nasarawa state, Nigeria. Samples of the cow milk products, Raw milk, Nono, Kindrimo, and Manshanu, were each collected in triplicates from ten different sales locations in Keffi, and analyzed using standard bacteriological methods. Pour plate technique was employed for the isolation of bacteria from these cow milk products. The isolates were identified using cultural, morphological and biochemical methods, and thereafter the antibiotic susceptibility of each isolate was determined by modified Kirby Bauer diffusion method. Bacterial counts for Raw milk, Nono, Kindrimo and Manshanu were respectively in the range of 3.2×10^8 - 6.9×10^8, 8.1× 108 - 2.70×10^9, 7.3×10^8 – 9.8.×10^9 and 5.8×10^8 - 5.2×10^9. The bacterial species isolated were Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp, Streptococcus spp. and E. coli with overall occurrence frequencies of 50%, 20%, 17.5% and 12.5%, respectively. E. coli was highly resistant to Septrin (80.2%), Sarfloxacin (75.3%) and Erythromycin (90.2%). Salmonella species was also highly resistant to Septrin (71.4%), Chloramphenicol (71.4%), Sparfloxacin (85.7%) and Erythromycin (71.4%). Similarly, Staphylococcus aureus was highly resistant to Septrin (75%), Chloramphenicol (75.4%), Sparfloxacin (87.5%), Amoxacillin (75.4%) and Augmentin (87.5%), while Streptococcus spp was highly resistant to Chloramphenicol (80.1%), Sparfloxacin (80.1%) and Augmentin (80%). These isolates may have developed resistance due to indiscriminate and frequent use of antibiotics which has now put the consumers of these milk products at risk of being infected with antibiotic resistant strains of pathogenic bacteria.Item Experience with rubber band ligation of hemorrhoids in northern Nigeria(Nigerian Medical Journal, 2013) Misauno, M. A.; Usman B. D.; Nnadozie U. U.; Obiano S. K.Background: Treatment of hemorrhoids in Nigeria is usually done by the traditional open method that requires hospital admission; anesthesia and is associated with high morbidity. Rubber band ligation is a suitable alternative to open hemorrhoidectomy and has the potential to reduce the need for hospital admission. Patients and Methods: This was a prospective analysis of consecutive patients presenting with hemorrhoids that were suitable for surgical treatment to the Jos University Teaching Hospital and the Federal Medical Centre Gombe from January 2008 to December 2010 (24 months). Results: A total of 232 rubber band ligations were performed on 40 patients whose ages ranged from 20 to 54 years with a mean age of 37.1 ± 12.2 years. There were 24 males and 16 females (M:F::2:3). Thirty‑nine patients (97.5%) were cured of their symptoms following the procedure, and 1 patient (2.5%) had severe pain as complication of the treatment. Another patient had recurrence that was treated by repeat rubber band ligation. Conclusion: We conclude that rubber band ligation is a safe and reliable way for outpatient treatment of hemorrhoids in Nigeria.Item Relationship between Health Locus of Control and Risky Sexual Behaviors among Nigerian Adolescents(Journal of AIDS & Clinical Research, 2015) Jennifer Pharr; Victor Enejoh; Bertille Octavie Mavegam; Ayodotun Olutola; Haruna Karick; Echezona E EzeanolueHIV/AIDS knowledge has been rated as the most important factor for HIV prevention. However, studies have also shown that knowledge alone does not always translate into reduced risky sexual behavior (RSB). Health locus of control (HLC) categorized as perceived control over health status (internal locus of control) or attribution of health status to chance or fate (external health locus of control) is a psychological construct that has been shown to impact health outcomes including RSB. This study thus investigated the relationship between HLC and RSB among Nigerian adolescents. A cross-sectional survey design was employed among 361 adolescents from nine senior secondary schools selected through stratified random sampling from Jos, Plateau State Nigeria. Data were collected between August and October of 2008. Health Locus of Control Scale was used to categorize individuals into having either an internal or external HLC. RSB was assessed using the Brief HIV Screener (BHS). Descriptive statistics were computed and Mann-Whitney U test was used to determine differences in BHS scores by HLC categories. Odds ratios and adjusted odds ratios were calculated for individual BHS question responses based on HLC. Participants were 169 males (46.8%) and 192 females (53.2%) with a mean age of 16.9. When grouped into HLC categories, 141 were internal and 220 were external. The mean score on the BHS showed statistically significant difference based on HLC (p=0.01). Odds for using a condom during sexual intercourse were higher for adolescents with an internal HLC while adolescents with an external HLC had significantly higher RSB scores. Prevention programs targeted at adolescents should also aim to internalize their HLC.