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Item Prevalence of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia based on gross lesions in cattle at slaughter in Adamawa State, Nigeria(Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 2018-03) MI Francis; AO Oragwa; PI Ankeli; JW Liba; EF Ejeh; MA Raji1; JA Ameh; GO EgwuContagious bovine pleuropneumonia is an important economic disease of cattle caused by Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides and manifested by anorexia, fever, dyspnoea, polypnoea, cough and nasal discharges. An eleven years (2006-2016) abattoir-based retrospective data were collated and analyzed from Adamawa state Ministry of Livestock Production. Out of 241,700 cattle examined at post-mortem, 8,429 had CBPP-like lesions giving a prevalence of 3.49% (95% CI: 3.41-3.56). The overall prevalence for each local government area were 2.42% (95% CI: 2.35-2.49), 5.53% (95% CI: 5.30-5.74) and 8.97% (95% CI: 8.56-9.41) for Yola, Mubi and Ganye abattoirs respectively. There was significant association (p<0.05) between Local Government Areas and occurrence of CBPP. The annual highest prevalence of 5.75% (95% CI: 5.43-6.09) was recorded in 2010 with 1,128 cases and lowest prevalence of 2.43% (95% CI: 2.23-2.66) was recorded in 2007 with 505 cases. Based on season, highest prevalence rate of 3.85% (95% CI: 3.58-4.14) was recorded in February with 709 cases and lowest prevalence rate of 3.03% (95% CI: 2.80-3.28) was recorded in December with 605 cases. Both annual and monthly prevalence rates varied significantly (p<0.05). It was concluded that CBPP is endemic and widespread in Adamawa state. Hence, we recommend increased funding in the control of the disease, restriction of cattle movement and provision of cattle ranches.Item Gross and Morphometric Evaluation of Deltoideus Muscle of Cattle and One-Humped Camel(International Journal of Innovative Research in Medical Science (IJIRMS), 2017-07) S. A. Hena; M. L. Sonfada; S. A. Shehu; M. Jibir; I. J. Gosomji; Sa’ayinzat F.EThe study was conducted using 25 forelimbs each obtained from male camels (Camelus dromedarius) and cattle (Zebu type) purchased from Sokoto Municipal Modern abattoir. The animals were within the ages of 6 months, 1year, 3years, 5 years and 7 years. The forelimbs were dissected and deltoideus identified and measured. Morphologically, the scapular part of the deltoideus in cattle appeared paler in contrast to it acromial counterpart, as well as when compared to the camel’s deltoideus. The morphometric parameters showed increased values along age especially in camels. Considering the variables obtained in deltoideus architecture, it therefore concluded that the deltoideus of cattle seems to have greater potential production force than the camel.Item Therapeutic Efficacy of Quinapyramine Sulphate with Freund’s Complete Adjuvant in Wistar Rats Infected with Trypanosoma Congolense(DAVID PUBLISHING, 2017) Ehizibolo, P. O.; Karaye, G. P.; Kadima, K. B.; Lawal, I. A.; Okubanjo, O. O.; Aliu, Y. O.Therapeutic efficacy of QS (quinapyramine sulphate) and FCA (Freund’s complete adjuvant) combination was studied. The aim of the study was to evaluate therapeutic efficacy of QS using FCA in Trypanosoma congolense infection. Groups treated with QS and FCA had parasite disappeared in peripheral circulation 2 days pi, relapse was observed one week later. Effect of treatment on rectal temperature shows no significance (p < 0.05), normalization of rectal temperature occurred in QS and FCA treated groups (34.1 ℃) than untreated (42.8 ℃), QS (37.4 ℃) and FCA (35.92 ℃) treated groups. Mean body weight was significant (p < 0.001) in QS and FCA, QS, and FCA groups. Packed cell volume and hemoglobin concentration for untreated groups were lower, but increased in QS, FCA, QS and FCA treated groups, indicating anemia amelioration. White blood cell counted in untreated, QS and FCA treated groups showed no significance (p < 0.05), however, there was leukocytosis due to lymphocytosis in QS and FCA treated group (6.79 × 103/μl) compared with untreated and other groups. There was comparative decrease in serum liver enzymes in QS and FCA treated group than other groups. Therefore, QS at lower recommended dose with FCA may enhance efficacy of QS in trypanosomiasis.Item Prenatal development of the lenticular papillae of one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius): Histomorphological study(Journal of Advances in Biological and Basic Research, 2016-02) Bello, A.; Alimi, O. A.; Onu, J. E; Umaru, M.A.; Shehu, S.A; Umar, A.A.; Hena, S. AA histomorphological study was conducted on the prenatal development of camel lenticular papillae using standard histomorphological methods. In the experiment, fifteen Camelus dromedarius foetuses obtained from Sokoto metropolitan abattoir at different gestational ages were used for the study. The fetuses were weighed and grouped according to their gestational ages which were estimated using their crown-vertebral-rump length. From the fifteen (15) samples used for the study, five (5) belongs to the first trimester, five (5) from the second trimester and five (5) belongs to the third trimester. A total of ten (10) foetuses were males and five (5) were females. Grossly, in all the stages of development, the tongues were observed to be elongated, with flat surfaces and rounded at the apices. At first trimester, the tongues were seen as smooth muscle mass, with almost uniform width and thickness throughout the length. They were uniformly pinkish, no pigmentation and no visual evidence of lingual papillae. At second trimester, the tongues were observed to have taken the normal shape of an adult tongue with variable size and shape of lingual papillae; tapering rostrally from the root to the apex. Biometrically, the weight of the foetuses were found to be 0.18±0.05 to 21.70±7.28kg from the first trimester to third trimester, the crown – vertebral – rump – length were found to be 15.75±4.42 to 94.00±2.83cm from the first trimester to the third trimester, weight of the head were found to be 25.05±15.17 to 1120.00±14.14g and weight of the tongues were found to be 0.79±0.22 to 116.25±11.49g from first trimester to third trimester of age. Histological observations showed that the lenticular papillae were generally lined with keratinised stratified (variable degree) squamous epithelium, which was composed by basal, spinosum, lucideum, granulosum and corneum layers. There was no evidence of seromucous glands in all the stages of development.Item Occurrence of parasite eggs and oocysts in commonly consumed vegetables collected from selected markets in Zaria, Kaduna State Nigeria(2017-11-17) Patrobas MN; Okubanjo OO; Lawal IA; Kudi CA; Balami AG; Dunka HIAbstract A study was conducted with the objective of determining the occurrence of parasite eggs and oocysts in washed and unwashed vegetables sold in some selected markets in Zaria, Kaduna State. Cabbage (Brassica oleracea), Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), Lettuce (Lactuca sativa), Carrot (Daucus carota) and Spinach (Spinacea oleracea) were collected based on convenient sampling from 5 markets. Three hundred grams of each vegetable was purchased every week in the morning hours from each of the selected markets during the rainy and dry seasons. Floatation technique was used for processing of the vegetable samples. Unwashed vegetables (269) had more parasite eggs and oocysts than washed vegetables (209). Spinach (52.50%) had the highest contamination, followed by carrot (48.75%), cabbage (42.50%), lettuce (40.0%) and tomatoes (28.75%). There was a significant (p < 0.05) association between the occurrence of parasite eggs and oocysts and the washing of vegetables. Among the unwashed vegetables, lettuce was highly contaminated (58.75%) with parasite eggs and oocysts, followed by spinach (55.0%), carrot (55.0%), tomatoes (50.0%) and cabbage (39.75%). There was, however, no significant (p > 0.05) association between the occurrence of parasite eggs and oocysts and the unwashed vegetables. Among the different markets, vegetables purchased from Dan Magaji market (51.25%) were highly contaminated, followed by Tudun Wada (49.38%), Sabongari (48.75%), Zaria city (48.75%) and Samaru market (41.88%).There was, however, no significant (p > 0.05) association between the occurrence of parasite eggs and oocysts on vegetables and the markets where the vegetables were purchased. The study showed that eggs and oocysts of various parasites mainly of human and animal faecal origin were present on vegetables marketed for human consumption even after washing. Therefore, people should properly wash their vegetables before consumption and indiscriminate defecation should be discouraged to prevent contamination and improve hygienic conditions.Item ECONOMIC LOSSES ASSOCIATED WITH THE SLAUGHTER OF PREGNANT ANIMALS IN JOS ABATTOIR.(International Journal of Advanced Research (IJAR), 2017-07) Dunka H. I; Buba D. M; Gurumyen Y. G; Oragwa A. O; Oziegbe S. D; Patrobas M. NMeat consumption demand is increasing with the growing population; however, livestock foetal wastage in the abattoirs/slaughter slabs in Nigeria is being documented. The trend of slaughtering pregnant animals is against the existing meat edict of 1968 and this accounts for a decrease in livestock production and huge financial losses which invariably affects the livestock economy. Hence, a 5-year retrospective study (2012-2016) was conducted to assess the level of economic implication of foetal wastages in cattle and goats slaughtered in Jos abattoir. The data collected were analyzed using Microsoft Excel, tables, and a graph chart. The total number of cattle and goat slaughtered and their foetuses were reported as documented. A total of 26,242 cattle and 4,612 goats were slaughtered, representing a yearly 5,250 and 922, monthly 437 and 77, and daily15 and 2.6 averages respectively. Out of these a total of 1,346 (4.5%) and 1,044 (22.6%) fetuses were wasted representing a yearly 269 and 209, monthly 22 and 17 and daily0.75 and 0.6for cattle and goats respectively. The economic loss associated with the total foetal wastages for cattle and goats in the present study was estimated at ₦174,980,000 ($571,830.07) and ₦10,044,000 ($328,235.29) respectively. The annual averages of cattle and goat fetal wastage are ₦34,970,000 ($114,281.06) and ₦2,090,000 ($6,830.07) respectively. It is, therefore, necessary to implement the law prohibiting the slaughter of pregnant animals through thorough antemortem inspection which will consequently improve the nation’s livestock economy.Item Occurrence of Salmonella and Shigella in edible frogs (Hoplobatrachus spp) from Hanwa Frog market Zaria, Nigeria(2018-02-22) GSN Kia; EA Benjamin; EO Ajani; GR OtolorinFrogs have been associated with bacterial infection among those who handle them resulting in symptoms such as diarrhoea, abdominal cramps, fever and vomiting. Frogs are a rich source of proteins and they are considered a delicacy by some in Nigeria. Considering the high demand for edible frogs, it is important to determine the occurrence of Salmonella and Shigella organisms from edible frogs (Hoplobatrachus spp). Edible frogs (n=202) were collected from February to July, 2016, from the Hanwa frog market, Zaria, Kaduna State. The intestinal contents of each sampled frog were scraped into the selenite broth bottles and cultured on Deoxycholate Citrate Agar for enrichment and isolation respectively. Biochemical test and sugar fermentation tests were carried out on the suspected isolates. Overall, twenty seven 27(13.37%) of the processed samples were suggestive of Shigella, while 22(10.9%) were suspect Salmonella organisms. There was no significant association between sex of the frogs and the isolation of Shigella and Salmonella organisms, despite the high occurrence of Shigella organism (14.17%) in the males. Source wise the occurrence of Salmonella in frogs was high in Tudun Wada (20%), while Katsina (8.5%) had the least. There was also no association between source and Shigella organisms. Frogs within the weight range of 175-224g had the highest occurrence rate for Shigella isolation, while frogs of 73 125g weight range had the highest occurrence rate for Salmonella isolation. This study shows the presence of Shigella and Salmonella organisms in the intestinal contents of frogs. Therefore the unhygienic and unsanitary environment, handling and processing of frogs is of great public health concern and as such measures are to be put together to ensure safety and wholesomeness of the frog meat been sold for human consumption.Item Genetic Parameter Estimates for Milk and Conformation Traits of Multi-genotype Cattle(Asian Journal of Advances in Agricultural Research, 2018-03-05) Oludayo Michael Akinsola; Ishaya Bawa Atang; Adekola Omololu Atanda; Louis Ugwu; Danladi Shuaibu Bunjah; Dorcas John Jirgi; Muizzat Onozasi BelloThe objectives of this research were to estimate the genetic parameters of milk and conformation traits under environmental sensitivity of multi-genotype cattle. The data from the study came from two genotypes of cows (Holstein and 3/4HolsteinX1/4Bunaji). Milk yield, six body traits (stature, ST; chest width, CW; body depth, BD; heart girth, HG; rump width, RW, chest ligament, CL) and four udder traits (rear udder height, RUH; rear udder width, RUW; udder clearance, UC; teat length, TL). Multi-trait animal models were used to estimate the (co)variance components based on average information restricted maximum likelihood method (AIREML) using R 3.0.3 software.