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Item Dry Matter Yield and Quality of Two Temperate and Two Tropical Forage Legume Hays Harvested at Early-Flowering in Jos, Nigeria(Asian Journal of Advances in Agricultural Research, 2019) Akpensuen T. T.; Amodu J. T.; Tanko R. J.; Luka J. S.; Namo O. A. T.; Hassan M. R.The study was designed to evaluate the dry matter yield and quality of two temperate (T. Pratense and T. repens) and two tropical forage legumes (S. guianensis and C.molle) harvested at earlyflowering stage for hay in a cool tropical environment of Vom, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria. The legumes were planted in the month of June, 2015 and 2016 in a 4 x 4 Latin Square Design with four replicates in plots measuring 5 m x 3 m. The forages were harvested at early-flowering stage for yield components, dry matter yield and nutrient quality evaluation. The result showed that C. molle was significantly (P<0.01) higher in height in the two seasons compared to the other legumes. Number of leaves per plant was higher (P<0.01) significantly in S. guianensis (125.00) in 2015 whereas, T. repens had higher (P<0.01) value (187.25) in 2016 cropping season. Stylosanthes guianensis produced significantly (P<0.01) higher dry matter with 10.42 t ha-1 in 2015, while the dry matter yield obtained from C. molle (2.90 t ha-1) was the highest in 2016. Trifolium pratense and T. repens were scored excellent grade, while Stylosanthes guianensis and Centrosema molle were scored good in quality. Crude protein content was significantly (P<0.01) higher in T. repens (18.38%) compared to T. pratense (16.50 %), whereas S. guianensis produced the least value of 13.83%. The crude fibre content of the of the forage materials on the other hand was significantly higher (P<0.0I) in S. guianensis (37.29 %) compared to the other forage legumes. The temperate forage legumes in this trial were higher in nutrient content, but lower in dry matter yield. Therefore, the forage crops may serve as better supplementary feeds for livestock feeding especially during the dry season.Item Evaluation of Some Orange-Fleshed Sweet Potato (OFSP) Accessions for Growth and Yield Potentials in Jos-Plateau Environment(IDOSI Publications., 2017) O. A. T. Namo; O. J. Akinbola; G. O. UtobloThe orange-fleshed sweet potato (OFSP) contains -carotene, a precursor of Vitamin A, which is used to address hunger and blindness in children. Therefore, there is the need to promote the cultivation and consumption of the OFSP. In this study, twelve accessions of the orange-fleshed sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.), namely F2M5/3, Ng – Jay, MD, F1M1/4, ELINDA, SOUL, AI2IB, TIS. 87/0087/08, KWARA/00, F1M4/11, SOLO – 1/100 and SOLO – 1/144, were screened to evaluate their growth and yield potentials in the Jos-Plateau environment in Nigeria between July and November, 2016. The study was carried out at the potato sub-station of the National Root Crops Research Institute,Kuru, Plateau State (Latitude 09°44’N, Longitude 08° 47’E, Altitude 1,293.3 m above sea level). The twelve accessions were laid out in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Results showed that establishment rate ranged from 97.8 % in the accession SOUL to 30 % in the accession AI2IB. The leaf area index increased with time up to 90 DAP and thereafter decreased in all the accessions. The relative growth rate decreased with time in all accessions.The net assimilation rate (NAR) increased with time up to 90 DAP and thereafter decreased in all but accessions F2M5/3, MD, ELINDA, F1M4/11, SOLO – 1/100 and SOLO – 1/144, where NAR increased up to 120 DAP. The mean number of tubers per plant, tuber length, tuber girth and dry matter content varied with accession. Root-top ratio was highest in the accession Ng-Jay (3.93) and lowest in the accession AI2IB (0.69). Harvest index increased with time up to 120 DAP in all the accessions. Total tuber yield was highest in the accession Ng-Jay (8.2 t/ha) and lowest in the accession ELINDA (2.0 t/ha). The OFSP accessions used in this study showed promising potentials for high yields in the Jos-Plateau environment. They are, therefore, recommended for further screening and selection.Item Poultry Science Association 104th Annual Meeting Abstracts(2015-07-27) Louisville, KentuckyItem Capacity Development and Career Prospects in Conservation Science(2009-04-28) Babalola, F.D.Abstract Nutrition is defined as the interrelated steps by which a living organism assimilates food and uses it for growth, tissue repairs and replacement. There is a strong relationship between excessive nitrogen in the atmosphere and the location of intensive farm animal production areas. Upward trend in animal production has led to increasing pressure on pasture; consequently there is greater competition for available forage and compaction of the soil. Single stomach animals like chicken excretes about 100g daily, and 36kg yearly faecal nitrogen. As various experts have identified, reducing GHG emissions is both urgent and critical. As the largest anthropogenisers of land and responsible for more GHG emissions than transportation, the animal production sector must be held accountable for its many deleterious impacts, and changes in animal agricultural practices must be achieved. Improving animal nutrition is therefore expedient to reduce urinary and faecal nitrogen which in turn is proportionally reduces Nitrogen emission into the air.Item pH of Beef Sausage as Affected by Time Postmortem on Yield and Keeping Quality of Sausage(Proc. 7th Ann. ASAN-NIAS Joint Annual Meeting, 2018) Oshibanjo D. O.; Adesope A. I; Abegunde LawerenceChanges in pH affect storage and processing quality of meat and meat products such as sausage. Sausages are made from comminuted lean meat and fat mixed with salt, spices and other ingredients, then filled into a casing made of animal intestine or cellulose. Sausages are made from beef, veal, pork, lamb and poultry or from any combination of these meats. Without proper storage, the product quality reduced with time. There are needs therefore, to examine the effect of post-mortem time on spoilage of meat used in sausage production. The meat samples for sausage making were harvested and allotted to five groups viz; 0, 6, 12, 18, and 24 hours post-mortem, respectively. Each treatment group was replicated thrice in a factorial arrangement in completely randomized design. The sausage recipe used for all the treatment groups were Beef 65%, Lard 20%, Soybean binder 3.5% green spices 2.19%, dry spices 1.5%, ice water 4.5%, salt 2%, sugar 1%, Sodium nitrite 0.01% and phosphate 0.3%. The sausage was stored for 14days at +40C. Sausage prepared was subjected to pH and microbial count. Data were analysed using descriptive statistic and ANOVA at α0.05. There were significant (P<0.05) differences observed in pH value among the treatments and storage days. Similar result was obtained for the microbial count. As the time post-mortem and storage day increases, there was an increased in values obtained. 0 and 6-hour time post-mortem were recommended from this experiment to harvest meat for best yield and keeping quality of sausage.Item Phytochemicals from Ageratum conyzoides L. Extracts and their Antifungal Activity against Virulent Aspergillus spp.(Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR), 2017-08) Ponchang Apollos Wuyep; Hannatu Dawa Musa; Grace Chiemeka Ezemokwe; Davou Dung Nyam; Michael Davou SilaGyangAntifungal activity of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Ageratum conyzoides plant were evaluated in vitro against Aspergillus fumigatus, A. niger, A. terreus, A. tamarii and A. ustus; these are mostly implicated in plant and animal fungal diseases. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of some phytochemicals. Antifungal potential of the extracts were evaluated quantitatively in vitro using well diffusion method and challenged with the test standard isolates and compared with controls. The percentage yields of aqueous extracts were greater than that of ethanolic extract. Both extracts showed a potentially good antifungal activity, however aqueous extract had more activity. The activities increased with increasing concentration. Maximum antifungal activity was shown by aqueous extract of A. conyzoides against A. niger and A. ustus with the average inhibition of 20 mm each while the least activity were recorded against A. fumigatus at the concentration of 800 mg/mL with 7 mm zones of inhibition. Itraconazole (positive control) at 16.667 mg/mL, ranged from 15±0.13 mm to 20±0.13 mm with MIC values from 2.630 mg/mL to 6.761 mg/mL. The MIC values of extracts ranged from 50 mg/mL to 794 mg/mL. The activities of the plant extracts against the standard organisms in vivo did not correlate well with the in vitro. The extracts showed an antifungal potential both in vitro against the standard organisms, confirming the traditional medicinal claims for use against pathogenic fungal infections of plant and animals.Item Extracelullar Cellulase Production by Solid State Bioprocesses of Artemisia annua L. Agro Waste(Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR), 2017-08) gbonna; Abigail Ify; Sila; Micheal Davou; Onyimba, Isaac A; Ogbonna, Chike I. ChuksAgrowaste residues are made up of cellulosic and hemicellulosic materials. These cellulosic wastes are ideal for the growth of microorganisms which in turn convert the wastes to organic manures. Biodegradation potential of two fungal species isolated from soils of Artemisia annua plantation was investigated. The two fungal strains were selected from a preliminary test carried out on fungal isolates using Carboxymethylcellulose agar plates. Congo red test was performed and Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma viride showed highest hydrolytic zones and were used for the biodegradation of the A. annua agrowaste. Biodegradation of the agro waste lasted for 7 and 14 d. The percentage weight loss for pulverized agro waste obtained for T. viride was 27 and 21% after the 7th and 14th d of degradation while for A. niger it was 32 and 24%. The percentage weight loss for no pulverized agro waste obtained for T. viride was 34 and 22% after 7th and 14th d degradation process while the figures obtained for A. niger was 36 and 30% respectively. The enzyme produced and its activity was determined under different process parameters including effects of different concentration of Carboxymethylcellulose powder, incubation period, temperature and pH. The pulverization of the A. annua waste into powder gave better results as it helped in high conversion yields obtained as against the no pulverized waste material.Item Seroprevalence of Brucellosis and Associated Risk Factors among Indigenous Breeds of Goats in Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria(Hindawi Journal of Pathogens, 2018-11-01) Olaolu T.Olufemi; DanjumaB.Dantala; PaulA.Shinggu; Umesi A.Dike; Gbeminiyi R.Otolorin; JiviniA.Nwuku; Eyiojo B. T. Baba-Onoja; TenmusoD. Jatau; FrancisI. AmamaAcross-sectional study was conducted in Wukari, Taraba state, Nigeria, to determine the prevalence of Brucella antibodies and the risk factors associated with brucellosis in indigenous breeds of goats. A total of 386 goats were sampled from three political wards Puje, Avyi, and Hospital: harvested sera samples were subjected to Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT).Graph Pad Prism version7.03 for Windows(Graph Pad Software, LaJolla California, USA) wasusedtoanalyse the association between seroprevalence of brucellosis and age, sex, breed, location, and management system by using Chi square and Fisher’s exact test as appropriate. Brucellosis wasdetectedinallthreewards:Puje;15%,Avyi;6.6%,andHospital;7.6%.Aprevalencerateof2.8%,8%,18.7%,and1%wasrecorded for <20-month, 22-35-month, 36-45-month, and ≥46-55-month age categories, respectively (P < 0.05). Only 9.5% was observed for male animals while 9.8% was observed for female animals with no statistical difference between the males and females. Breed specific seroprevalence yielded 7.4%, 5.4% 12%, 12.8%, and 11.6%, for Cross, West Africa Dwarf, Red Sokoto, Kano Brown, and Sahel breeds of goat, respectively. There is an evidence of brucellosis (9.6%) in Wukari L.G.A, Taraba State, and age is a risk factor for the disease in the study area. There is a need to enlighten the public on the zoonotic potentials and economic impacts of brucellosis.Item Optimization of Cellulase Production and Biodegradation of Artemisia annua L. wastes by Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma viride(Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR), 2015-05-12) A.I. Ogbonna; F.C. Onwuliri,; C.I.C. Ogbonna; J.E. OteikwuAspergillus Niger and Trichoderma viride isolated from soils of Artemisia annua L. plantations were used for the production of cellulases using submerged state fermentation (SmF). Artemisia annua process waste was used as the substrate for the fermentation. The fermentation broth was further assayed for various parameters including effects of incubation period, different concentrations of Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), incubation temperature and pH on enzyme production. The results indicated that the test fungi had their peak enzyme activity of 126 and 913 IU/mL respectively on the 3rd d of incubation. At 3% conc. of CMC, A. niger and T. viride had their highest enzyme production of 181.5 and 222.6 IU/mL respectively. The lowest enzyme production of 127.3 and 138.9 IU/mL was recorded for the two fungi at 0.5% conc. of CMC. Aspergillus niger had its peak of 166.2 IU/mL at incubation temperature of 30C and 189 IU/mL for T. viride at 50C. The optimum pH for enzyme production for A. niger and T. viride was pH 3 producing 227 and 239 IU/mL enzymes respectively.Item Antifungal Activity of Cucumis metuliferus E.Mey. ex Naudin on Some Post-harvest Decay Fungi of String beans(Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR), 2015) Nwadiaro, P.O.; Ogbonna A.I.; Wuyep P.A.; Sila-Gyang M.D.Crude aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Cucumis metuliferus fruit were screened for their phytochemical components which revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, saponins and cardiac glycosides. Steroids and anthraquinones were completely absent. The extracts were tested for their inhibitory effect on five fungal species (Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium oxysporum, Mucor sp., Penicillium citrinum and Rhizopus stolonifer) isolated from decayed Phaseolus vulgaris (String Bean). The different concentrations of the extract used ranged between 200-1000 mg/mL. Screening for antifungal activity using agar well diffusion method showed inhibition of all the test fungi especially at higher concentrations except for R. stolonifer that was not inhibited by the ethanolic extract. The highest effect of aqueous extract was observed in P. citrinum with inhibition zone of 34 mm at 1000 mg/mL, followed by Mucor sp. with inhibition zone of 32 mm, the least was recorded for F. oxysporum with zone diameter of 22 mm. The highest activity for ethanolic extract was recorded for A. niger with inhibition zone of 35 mm while the least was recorded for F. oxysporum with zone diameter of 18 mm. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the extracts was determined using agar dilution method. The MIC values of the extracts ranged between 12.5-25 mg/mL. The results showed A. niger and P. citrinum as the most sensitive and F. oxysporum as the least sensitive to the extract. The Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) of the extracts also ranged between 25-50 mg/mL indicating that the extracts are fungicidal at those concentrations.