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    Medical Biochemistry
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    Chemical Pathology
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    Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Dogonahawa and Zawan, North-Central Nigeria, Four-Years after Communal Violence: Prevalence and Risk Factors
    (Journal of Medical Science and Clinical Research, 2017-02) Maigari Yusufu Taru; Moses David Audu; Davou Francis John; Tungchama Friday Philip; Suwa Goden
    Survivors of mass violence are at high risk of developing psychological disorders. However, little is known about the impact of trauma in post conflict low income countries. This study assessed the prevalence of and socio-demographic risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder among conflict survivors in North-Central Nigeria in comparison to a control group drawn from a population that was not exposed to armed-conflict. This is a cross sectional study that employed a multi stage sampling technique to select respondents in both groups. The Mini international neuropsychiatric interview was used to assess for symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder and their socio-demographic variables obtained with socio-demographic questionnaire. The results showed that 55.5% and 9.8% of the respondents in the conflict exposed group and the control were diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder. Respondents exposed to mass violence were significantly more likely to experience posttraumatic stress disorder compared to the control group (p< 0.001). Being a female was the consistent risk factor for the disorder in both groups, while being never married and having individual monthly income below N20,000.00 were also predictive of posttraumatic stress disorder in the group exposed to conflict. In conclusion, posttraumatic stress disorder prevalence was higher among the group exposure to armedconflict. Thus, an effective model for immediate and long-term mental health support for trauma victims needs to be developed in order to reduce the incidence of posttraumatic stress disorder among conflict survivors.
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    Generalised Anxiety Disorder and Cardiovascular Disease: A Study at a University Teaching Hospital in North-Central Nigeria
    (Journal of Research in Basic & Clinical Sciences, 2019) Agbir T.M; Okpara I.C; Mbaave P.T; Audu M.D; Obindo J.T; Goar S.G; Piwuna C; Akinjola O; Tungchama F.P; Nwoga C; Maigari Y.
    The association between anxiety and cardiovascular events in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) has shown anxiety disorders to increase the risk of major cardiac events and mortality, anxiety disorders have also been linked to the onset, progression and prognosis of CVD. Therefore, this study was aimed to determine the prevalence and correlates of generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) in patients attending the cardiology clinic of Benue State University Teaching Hospital (BSUTH). It was part of a larger study conducted among 106 consenting participants within the period of June 2017 to August, 2017. The result shows that 54(50.9%) of the respondents were female while 52 (49.1%) were male. Twenty-eight (26.4%) were married, 15(14.2%) were single while 63(59.4%) were previously married. Eight-two (77.4%) of the subjects were diagnosed with hypertension, Rheumatic heart disease was diagnosed in 8(7.5%) subjects, heart failure 3 (2.8%) and cardiomyopathy 9(8.5%). Thirty-two subjects were diagnosed with GAD representing a prevalence rate of 30.2%. Generalised anxiety disorder was significantly associated with female gender (p=0.001), marital status (p=0.008), unsatisfactory relationship with sexual partner (0.001), history of substance use (p=0.001), and low level of occupational status (p=0.026). However, there was no statistically significant association between GAD and body mass index -BMI (p=0.139), as well as the nature of a cardiovascular diagnosis (p=0.703). The authors therefore recommended a detail psychiatric/psychological evaluation of patients with CVD to enhance early detection and treatment for a better outcome and quality of life.
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    Prevalence of Type II Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and Risk Factors among Rural Farmers
    (Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research, 2018) Ayuba Affi; Dalili Shabbal; Mercy Solomon1; Longwam S. A.; Lukdem A.; Selowo T.; Ganiyu Amusa
    Aim: To determine prevalence of T2DM and risk factors among rural farmers of Panyam in Plateau Central, Nigeria. Background: Diabetes mellitus is one of the commonest metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia due to lack of insulin secretion or inactivity of insulin resulting in risk of microangiopathy and macroangiopathy [1,2]. Many lifestyle factors affect the incidence of Type II Diabetes Mellitus, which includes cigarette smoking, inactivity and heavy alcohol consumption that could cause hyperuricemia. Other risk factors include obesity, age, family history. Materials and Methods: The study population consisted of 200 adults above 40 years mainly farmers. Both females and males were recruited into the study.
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    PREVALENCE AND PATTERN OF SYMPTOMATIC OSTEOARTHRITIS AMONG LOCAL FARMERS OF PANYAM PLATEAU CENTRAL, NIGERIA
    (EJPMR, 2019) Dr. Affi Ayuba; Dr. Jonathan Nyonkeys,; Longkyen Bitrus,; Mangs Benedict,; Olaniru Olumide; Fiyaktu B. Yakubu
    Aim: To determine the prevalence and pattern of it affectation of OA in local farmers. Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic joint disease causing physical disability to low productivity. The farmers completely depends on farming as means of life and so any hindrance such as OA should not be condoned. Common risk factors of OA include increasing age, obesity, previous joint injury, over use of the joint or weak thigh muscles and genetics. Osteoarthritis symptoms usually develop gradually; at first there may be soreness or stiffness. The pain and stiffness of more severe osteoarthritis may make it difficult to walk, climb stairs or perform other daily tasks. Depending on which joint is affect. Materials and Method: A cross sectional prospective study of 132 (81 intervensives and 51 control) Panyam rural farmers with age range between 40-90 years. After exclusive criteria, biodemographic data and arthrometric parameters pressure were taken. Results: The prevalence of OA among the rural farmers was 61.4%. The peak age group of OA 51-60years (29.5%). The prevalence of OA in males (14.8%) and in females (85.2%). The cervical (neck) 37% was the joint most affected. Conclusion: This study revealed a very high prevalence of osteoarthritis among these farmers probably due to their occupation, heavy consumption of locally brewed alcohol and age. The pain of osteoarthritis has drastically reduced their work output and this can hamper harvest. As an intervention study, comprehensive health education was given and drugs such as allupurinol and moduretics were provided to the PHC. There are many clinical factors that contribute to the risks and progression of osteoarthritis including obesity, trauma, age and female sex. This study helps in combating this menace.
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    Armed-Conflict and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder among Heads of Households in Dogonahawa, North-Central Nigeria
    (International Journal of Medicaland Health Sciences, 2018-07) Maigari YusufuTaru; Moses David Audu; Tungchama Friday Philip; Davou Francis John; Aishatu Armiya’uYushau; Charles NwogaNnaemeka; Lubola IssaBamidele
    Background: Research has shown that30-70% of people who have lived in war zones suffer from symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder, with exceptionally high rates documented among heads of households. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of Posttraumatic stress disorder among heads of households in comparison to dependants following exposure to armed-conflict. Methods: A cross sectional household survey that was carried out to determine the prevalence and correlates of posttraumatic stress disorder among conflict victims in Dogonahawa,North-Central Nigeria. A multistage sampling of households was employed to select 270 respondents aged ≥18 years. A face-to-face interview was conducted using Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview to collect data on posttraumatic stress disorder. Results: The prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorders was 55.5% in all respondents, 63.6% and 48.5% among heads of households and dependants respectively. Among heads of households, low income was predictive of PTSD (OR=2.032, P=0.288) while being a male and employed as a professional were protective of Posttraumatic stress disorder; (OR=0.264, P=0.032) and (OR=, P=0.024). Conclusion: The results point to the importance of screening and treatment for victims of conflict, with particular attention to heads of households who are females, non professionals and low income earners.
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    PATTERNS OF ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION AND SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS AMONG WOMEN IN NORTH CENTRAL NIGERIA
    (JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH & CLINICAL PRACTICE, 2018-05-01) Goar S.G; Ayuba K.g; Tungchama F.p; Maigari Y.T; Agbir M.T; Agbir M.T; Audu M.D
    The patterns of alcohol consumption among females is of enormous public health concerns, as harmful consumption poses danger to their health, welfare, children and to the civil society. The study objectives were to determine the current prevalence of alcohol use, the related socio-demographic factors and the patterns of alcohol consumption. It was a descriptive cross-sectional study in Jos North Local Government Area, carried out from March to July, 2017 after ethical clearance was obtained. A multistage sampling technique was employed to select the participants who were age 18 years and above. A total of 272 females with an age range of 18 to 60 years responded. The mean age was 28.8±8.6 years. Majority 112(41.2%) were in the age group of 25-34 years. Most of them were never married 168 (61.8%), protestants 151(55.4%) and had secondary education 97(35.7%). About half of them were employed (148(54.4%) with 167(61.4%) of them earned an average monthly income of 20,000 naira or less. One hundred and fifty nine (58.5%) use alcohol in the family. The estimated prevalence of life time use, current use and abstention were 79.4%, 41.2% and 20.6% respectively. Of the current users 35(31.1%) were low risk while hazardous, harmful and dependent users were 30(26.8%), 21(18.8%) and 26(23.2%) respectively. The sociodemographic variables associated with current alcohol use were history of family use (χ2 = 3.088, df = 1, p = 0.01) and educational status (χ2 = 8.797, df = 3, p = 0.03). These findings call for immediate advocacy and sensitization of awareness concerning prevention, treatment and rehabilitation to stem the tide of deleterious patterns of alcohol consumption among females in the community.
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    Alcohol Use Disorders among Trauma Survivors With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Dogonahawa, North Central Nigeria: Prevalence and Correlates
    (Research & Reviews: Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, 2017-09-23) Maigari Yusufu Taru
    A cross sectional descriptive study that was carried out to determine the prevalence and correlates of posttraumatic stress disorder with comorbid alcohol use disorders among conflict victims in Dogonahawa, North-Central Nigeria. A multistage sampling of households was employed to select 260 respondents aged ≥ 18 years. A face-to-face interview was conducted using Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test and Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview to collect data on alcohol use disorders and posttraumatic stress disorder. The prevalence of alcohol use disorders among respondents with and without posttraumatic stress disorders was 49.6% and 24.8%, respectively. Being a male and having secondary education were predictive of comorbid alcohol use disorders (OR=3.194, P=0.012) and (OR=6.066, P=0.024), while being married was protective of alcohol use disorders (OR=0.252, P=0.007). The results point to the importance of screening and treatment for victims of conflict, with particular attention to victims who are males, previously married, having secondary education and being heads of household.
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    Assessment of the knowledge and attitude of Jos residents toward the prevention and treatment of fever
    (Medical Journal of Dr. D.Y. Patil University, 2015) Jimam S. Nanloh; Galam Z. Nanyak; Dangiwa A. Dauda
    Background: A fever is a temporary increase in the body temperature, indicating that something out of the ordinary is going on in the body. Fever is a common sign of changes in the body of patients and a common cause of hospital visits, especially for children. Occurrence of fever in most cases is due to self-limiting viral infection or serious bacterial or other microbial infections. Aim: The study is aimed at assessing the current level of knowledge and attitudes of Jos residents about what fever is all about, its treatment and prevention. Materials and Methods: The study was cross-sectional in design, which involved a two-stage cluster random sampling procedure. Jos is divided into districts and in each districts, the area was broken down to sub-districts from which three zones where selected; based on population within the selected zones, households were randomly numbered and houses assigned odd number were identified. A semi-structured interviewer questionnaire was then administered to the respondents and the finally filled questionnaires were then retrieved and analyzed using the SPSS version 20.0 software programmer. Result: Out of the 400 respondents, 66.5% falls within the age range of 21-49 years with females constituting 56.5% of the study population. Educationally, 45.9% of the respondents had completed secondary schools while 39.6% had bachelor degree. 67.2% of the respondents agreed that malaria was the common conditions that come with fever, followed by typhoid fever (19%). 26.5% of the respondents agreed that personal preventive/environmental hygiene remain the mainstay when it comes to fever prevention, with 26.5% also believing that the use of pesticides/rodenticides was another preventive measure, whereas 20.6% agreed that chemoprophylaxis was another option. Conclusion: The study showed that the residence of Jos had good knowledge of conditions that are associated with fever and its management, which might be due to the literacy levels of the study population; there is still need to improve their knowledge on the other conditions that comes with fever and their preventive measures.