Human Physiology
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://irepos.unijos.edu.ng/handle/123456789/11255
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Item ASSESSMENT OF METHODS OF PREVENTION OF MALARIA AMONG UNDER- FIVE CAREGIVERS IN MILGOMA, A RURAL SETTING IN KADUNA STATE NORTH-CENTRAL NIGERIA(International Journal of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science, 2016-02) AUDU ONYEMOCHO; JOSHUA ISTIFANUS ANEKOSON; OGBEYI GODWIN OFIKWU; ANEJO-OKOPI JOSEPH; ANEFU OKPOTU GABRIELNigeria government in her strategy to fight the scourge of malaria in the country adopted the Roll Back Malaria initiative in 1998. Since inception, the country has been working towards the vision of having a malaria free nation. Despite the interventions, Nigeria still carries the greatest malaria burden among countries in the world. This study assessed the methods of prevention of malaria amongst the under-five care givers in Milgrom, a rural setting in Kaduna state, north-central, Nigeria. Methods A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted amongst 148 under-five care-givers between 6th and 20th April, 2014 using a two stage systematic random sampling technique. Structured interviewer administered questionnaire were used for data collection. Analysis of the data collected was done with statistical package for social sciences version 20.0. Results The knowledge of methods of transmission and the prevalence of the disease among the respondents was high (85.9% and 83.8% respectively). Amongst those who had experienced malaria 46.2% sought for treatment in hospitals within the first 24-48 hours while the rest sought for treatment in chemist (16.1%) or traditional medicine (13.7%) and 2.4% did not sought for any treatment. Ninety-nine (66.9%) uses insecticide treated nets while 60.8% use pyrimethamine and sulfodaxine in pregnancy. Conclusions For Nigeria to achieve the goal as a malaria free nation; there is need to intensify the provision of tailored malaria prevention information, education and communication to the care givers of under five children to maximize utilization of the mainstream intervention programmers provided by the government. KEYWORDS: Malaria, Prevention, Under-Fives, Care-Givers, Rural Setting, NigeriaItem A two year review of intestine parasites the Jos University Teaching Hospital patients(Nigerian Medical Practitioner, 1992) Bello CS S; Lar P.; Olotu, C U; Gomwalk N. E,An analysis of stools samples examined during a period of two years. from January 1988 3 December, 1989 In Jos University Teaching Hospital was carried out Of the 15634 people examined during this period 6698 were males while 8936 were females mono parasitism 'occurred in 4354 persons while polyparasitism occured in 240 persons Several parasites were identified in these casesItem Incidence and predictors of adverse drug events in an African cohort of HIV-infected adults treated with efavirenz(Original article, 2015-09) Isaac Okoh Abah; Maxwell Akanbi; , Mercy Enuwa Abah; Amos Istifanus Finangwai; Christy W Dady; Kakjing; Augustine Odoh Ebony; Dadul Falang; Ebony; Joseph Anejo Okop; Oche Ochai Agbaji9; Altiene Solomon Sagay; ProsperIntroduction Adverse drug reactions associated with efavirenz (EFV) therapy are poorly described beyond the first year of treatment. We aimed to describe the incidence and predictors of EFV-related adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in a cohort of adult Nigerian HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Methods This retrospective cohort study utilized clinical data of HIV-1 infected adults (aged ≥15 years), commenced on efavirenz containing-regimen between January 2004 and December 2011. The time-dependent occurrence of clinical adverse events as defined by the World Health Organization was analyzed by Cox regression analysis. Results A total of 2920 patients with baseline median (IQR) age of 39 (33-46) years, largely made up of men (78%) were included in the study. During 8834 person-years of follow up, 358 adverse drug events were reported; the incidence rate was 40.3 ADRs per 1000 person-years of treatment. Lipodystrophy and neuropsychiatric disorders were the most common ADRs with incidences of 63 and 30 per 1000 patients respectively. About one-third of the neuropsychiatric adverse events were within 12 months of commencement of ART. The risk of neuropsychiatric ADRs was independently predicted for women [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 9.05; 95% CI: 5.18-15.82], those aged <40 years (aHR 2.59; 95% CI: 1.50-4.45), advanced HIV disease (WHO stage 3 or 4) [aHR 2.26; 95% CI: 1.37-3.72], and zidovudine [aHR 2.21; 95% CI: 1.27-3.83] or stavudine [aHR 4.22; 95% CI: 1.99-8.92] containing regimen compared to tenofovir. Conclusion Neuropsychiatric adverse drug events associated with efavirenz-based ART had both early and late onset in our clinical cohort of patients on chronic EFV therapy. Continuous neuropsychiatric assessment for improved detection and management of neuropsychiatric ADRs is recommended in resource-limited settings where the use of efavirenz-based regimens has been scaled up.Item Anthropometric studies are integral part of craniofacial surgery and syndromology. Interpupillary distance has been defined as the distance between the centres of the pupil. Intercanthal distance is defined as the distance between the medial and /or lateral canthi of the palpebral fissures bilaterally. Inner canthal dimensions in young adult Ijaw males and females were 42±5 mm and 39 ±3 mm respectively and outer canthal dimensions were 111 ± 14 mm for males, and 120 ± 7 mm for females respectively. Canthal indices in the Ibibios are clearly different from other populations. The study among the Igbos revealed that ageing affects the rate of growth of the intercanthal distances. For the healthy urban Turkish subjects, there was significant increase in near and distant IPD measurements with age until 19 years in male subjects. In the Sudanese population, ICD was found to be greater in males than in females. No statistically significant difference exists in the inner canthal and interpupillary distances between both Egyptian boys and girls for the same mean age. In Saudi Arabian adults, mean ICD was 31.92mm. It has been demonstrated that genetics, environmental factors, gender and age results in variations of the considered parameters.(E3 Journal of Scientific Research, 2015-06) Usman YM; Shugaba AIAnthropometric studies are integral part of craniofacial surgery and sindonology. Interpapillary distance has been defined as the distance between the centers of the pupil. Intercanthal distance is defined as the distance between the medial and /or lateral canthi of the palpebral fissures bilaterally. Inner canthal dimensions in young adult Ijaw males and females were 42±5 mm and 39 ±3 mm respectively and outer canthal dimensions were 111 ± 14 mm for males, and 120 ± 7 mm for females respectively. Canthal indices in the Ibibio's are clearly different from other populations. The study among the Igbos revealed that ageing affects the rate of growth of the intercanthal distances. For the healthy urban Turkish subjects, there was significant increase in near and distant IPD measurements with age until 19 years in male subjects. In the Sudanese population, ICD was found to be greater in males than in females. No statistically significant difference exists in the inner canthal and interpapillary distances between both Egyptian boys and girls for the same mean age. In Saudi Arabian adults, mean ICD was 31.92mm. It has been demonstrated that genetics, environmental factors, gender and age results in variations of the considered parameters.Item Knowledge of quality of housing and practice among residents of an urban community in north-central Nigeria(E3 Journal of Environmental Research and Managemen, 2015-01) Tagurum YO; Miner CA; Otti NH; Bode OT; Attawodi OS; Ogbonna C; Zoakah AIThe study was aimed at evaluating the knowledge of and quality of housing among residents of Tudun-Wada, an urban high density area in Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria. Using a multi-stage sampling technique, household heads or their representatives were interviewed using interviewer administered questionnaires. Knowledge of housing standards, practice and effects of housing quality on health was assessed. Data collected was analyzed using EPI Info version 3.5.1 software. A total of 80 household heads were studied and more than half of them (45) 56.2% were males and most were within the 20-29 year age group. Knowledge of housing was fair as 61.3% and 62.3% of them knew a good house should provide accommodation and be able to withstand the elements respectively. Source of water among the respondents was mainly from shallow wells (43.8%) while only a third (37.5%) boiled their water before drinking. Pit latrine was used by half (50%) of the respondents for sewage disposal and 5% used buckets. Half of the houses employed burning as their main refuse disposal method. Flies were noted to be a problem in about 42.5% of the houses studied. More than half (55%) of the houses had holes and cracks on the walls while 80% of the household heads admitted to having a problem of rodent infestation in their buildings. Even though knowledge of housing quality was fair among the respondents, sanitary waste disposal practice and housing maintenance was poor. Government agencies responsible for the enforcement of town planning policies should be urged to improve their activities in order to improve the standard and quality of housing in the metropolis.Item Assessment of the knowledge and attitude of Jos residents toward the prevention and treatment of fever(Medical Journal of Dr. D.Y. Patil University, 2015) Jimam S. Nanloh; Galam Z. Nanyak; Dangiwa A. DaudaBackground: A fever is a temporary increase in the body temperature, indicating that something out of the ordinary is going on in the body. Fever is a common sign of changes in the body of patients and a common cause of hospital visits, especially for children. Occurrence of fever in most cases is due to self-limiting viral infection or serious bacterial or other microbial infections. Aim: The study is aimed at assessing the current level of knowledge and attitudes of Jos residents about what fever is all about, its treatment and prevention. Materials and Methods: The study was cross-sectional in design, which involved a two-stage cluster random sampling procedure. Jos is divided into districts and in each districts, the area was broken down to sub-districts from which three zones where selected; based on population within the selected zones, households were randomly numbered and houses assigned odd number were identified. A semi-structured interviewer questionnaire was then administered to the respondents and the finally filled questionnaires were then retrieved and analyzed using the SPSS version 20.0 software programmer. Result: Out of the 400 respondents, 66.5% falls within the age range of 21-49 years with females constituting 56.5% of the study population. Educationally, 45.9% of the respondents had completed secondary schools while 39.6% had bachelor degree. 67.2% of the respondents agreed that malaria was the common conditions that come with fever, followed by typhoid fever (19%). 26.5% of the respondents agreed that personal preventive/environmental hygiene remain the mainstay when it comes to fever prevention, with 26.5% also believing that the use of pesticides/rodenticides was another preventive measure, whereas 20.6% agreed that chemoprophylaxis was another option. Conclusion: The study showed that the residence of Jos had good knowledge of conditions that are associated with fever and its management, which might be due to the literacy levels of the study population; there is still need to improve their knowledge on the other conditions that comes with fever and their preventive measures.