Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences
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Item The Effect of Aqueous Extract of Buchholzia coriacea Seeds on Some Biochemical Parameters in Normal and Alloxan-induced Diabetic Rats(International Journal of Biochemistry Research, 2016-03-10) Lenka Jessica Lapshak; Luka Carol Domkat; Larfa Simon NansahAims: To investigate the effect of oral administration of Buchholzia coriacea aqueous seed extract on blood glucose and other biochemical parameters in alloxan-induced diabetic rats and in normal rats. Study Design: Twenty adult male rats were used, rats were divided into four groups of five rats each (Groups A, B, C and D) in which group A (Diabetic control) and group B (Diabetic treated) were induced with diabetes by intraperitoneal injection of alloxan monohydrate at a dose of 150 mg/kg body weight while group C (Normal control) and D (Normal treated) were normal groups in which diabetes was not induced. The extract was administered orally to groups B and D at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight for 7 days after the confirmation of the effect of alloxan in the induced groups. The Buchholzia coriacea aqueous seed extract was screened for phytochemicals. At the end of the experimental period, the rats were sacrificed by decapitation, blood was collected and used for the biochemical analysis. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biochemistry, College of Medical Sciences, University of Jos, Nigeria. Between August and December 2014 Results: The administration of Buchholzia coriacea seed extract caused significant (p = 0.05) reduction in the levels of glucose, total cholesterol, and triglyceride, increased protein levels in both treated and normal groups, but had no significant ameliorative nor adverse effect on liver and kidney parameters (liver enzymes, urea, creatinine and electrolytes levels) of both normal and diabetic rats administered the extract. Conclusion: In conclusion, the aqueous extract of Buchholzia coriacea seed possess hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic properties and may therefore be beneficial in the management of diabetes mellitus at the above dosage and treatment period with no observed adverse effect on the liver and kidney.Item Prevalence and Psychosocial Consequences of Rape in Jos, North–Central Nigeria(Synergy Publishers, 2017-05) Francis John Davou; Moses David Audu; Armiya’u Aishatu Yusha’u; Tungchama Friday Philip; Maigari Yusufu TaruAbstract: Background: Rape is common throughout the world. It is often under-reported by victims and their families for fear of social stigma and cultural sanctions. Several studies have revealed that majority of rape victims are females, with males being the most perpetrators. Objectives: The study was aimed at determining the prevalence of rape and to examine the psychological and social consequences as well as responses to rape by the victim, the family and society. Methods and Materials: The study was a cross-sectional descriptive study of 284 respondents from 4 communities in Jos, Plateau State Capital, Nigeria. A semi-structured socio-demographic questionnaire was used to collect participants’ socio-demographic data while a questionnaire on rape designed by the authors was used to enquire about rape and other associated factors. The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) questionnaire was used to determine the psychological consequences of rape. Results: The result revealed a rape prevalence of 31.0% (28.2% in females and 2.8% among males). Rape was statistically associated with young victims (P<0.001). Majority (59.1%) of the victims were raped before 16 years of age. Rape by neighbors/family friends accounted for 50% of all cases involving female victims while that by strangers was 15%. A large proportion (63,6%) of the victims were raped once, 13.6% were raped more than thrice. All female victims were raped through the vagina (81.2% with penis and 18.8% by fingering). The male victims were raped with penis through anal orifice. Only 9.2% were gang raped. About two-thirds of the victims did not report to anyone, but, 36.4% did so. As high as 49.8% of the respondents believed there was no justification for anyone to rape another person just as others cited seductive dressing, substance abuse, and moral decadence as factors that contribute to the offence. Negative psychological and social consequences such as depression, anxiety, post –traumatic stress disorder, social isolation, loss of trust etc were found to be associated with rape. Conclusion: The study showed that rape is a serious problem in our community and therefore urgent measures must be put in place to deal with its increasing prevalence and consequencesItem SEROPREVALENCE OF HBsAG AMONG FULANI NOMADES IN TORO , NORTH -EASTERN NIGERIA(2012-09) Gambo, I.M. Rabiu; Rabiu, A.M.1; Muhammad, M.B; Shugaba, A.I.This study aimed at studying the prevalence of HBsAg among Fulani nomads in Toro,Nigeria. Patients (n=182) were included in this study. Epidemiological and clinical data were obtained. Samples were collected and processed using a standard laboratory procedure. HBV antigen was determined using a Skytec Rapid Diagnostic Kits. the age of the subjects ranged 18-55 years (mean age= 33years). Samples were obtained from asymptomatic subjects from November 2011 to June 2012.The gender-specific seroprevalence was found to be in the ratio of about 2:1 male-female. Infection rate was found to be higher in those between 25 and 29 years (8.2%) followed by those the age group 30-37 years (6.0%). The seroprevalence of HBV infection in this study was therefore found to be gender specific (P<0.05). This study revealed a considerably high level of infection rates among the Fulanis in Toro North-Eastern Nigeria. It is an indication of poor health education among the study group and this call for stringent measures to tackle the spread of the disease. Massive health education and immunization campaign will assist in curving the trend of the infection thereby reducing the long-term burden of the disease.Item Childhood Acute Appendicitis: Is Routine Appendicectomy Advised? Childhood Acute Appendicitis: Is Routine Appendicectomy Advised?(J Indian Assoc Pediatr Surg, 2006-01) A. F. Uba; L. B. Lohfa; M. D. AyubaAcute appendicitis is a common occurrence in children. The current trend is to perform appendicectomy once acute appendicitis is diagnosed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the types of pathology seen in appendices removed for acute appendicitis and correlate them with clinical features. The clinical, operative and histological records of 302 children who had appendicectomy at the Jos University Teaching Hospital from 1995-2003 were retrospectively reviewed. There were 123 (40.7%) boys and 179 (59.3%) girls (m: f = 1: 1.5). Their ages ranged from 2-15 years (median: 12 years). The main symptoms and signs at presentation were right lower quadrant abdominal pain, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, right quadrant tenderness, guarding and rigidity. Clinical impressions included simple acute appendicitis in 260 and perforated appendicitis in 42 patients. Of the 302 children who had clinical diagnosis of acute appendicitis, only 144 (47.7%) were confirmed at histology. Lymphoid hyperplasia was the most common pathology seen in the appendix specimens. The clinical impressions of acute appendicitis made by the surgeon agreed with pathologists’ report in 63.9% and disagreed in 36.1% of cases. Negative appendicectomy rate was 52.3%. Although appendicectomy is the most commonly performed emergency abdominal surgery in children, the procedure is still associated with a high negative appendicectomy rate.Item Effect of aqueous extract of Helianthus annus on some biochemical parameters in alloxan-induced diabetic rats(Scholars Research Library, 2012) Luka Carrol Domkat; Mohammed Abdulrashid; Saleh BitrusThe hypoglycemic and other effect of the aqueous extract of Helianthus annus seed were studied in normal and alloxan-induced diabetic male rats. The phytochemical screening of the extract was also carried out. The aqueous extract was administered intraperitoneally at a dose level of 400mg/kg for 21 days to 2 groups of 4 rats each. The following biochemical parameters were determined in serum using standard laboratory procedures; Glucose, Urea, Creatinine, Total Protein, Aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphate, Cl- , K+ , and Ca2+. The phytochemical screening shows the presence of Alkaloids, Saponins, tannins, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, terpenes and steroids, balsam, carbohydrates and phenols in the extracts. Treatment with the Helianthus annus extract significantly (p<0.05) reduced elevated blood level of Glucose, Urea, Creatinine, Aspartate aminotransferese, Alanine aminotransferase and Alkaline Phosphatase associated with Alloxan- induced diabetic rats when treated with 400mg/kg body weight. There was also a significant (P<0.05) increase in the level of Cl- and decrease in the level of K+ , Ca2+ when treated with the extract as compared with diabetic control. From the study, the sunflower seed have proved to be effective hypoglycaemic agent and therefore may be used for the management of diabetic mellitus at the said dosage.Item Assessment of Levels of Heavy Metals in Selected Canned Lager and Native Beer (Burukutu) Sold in Kugiya Market, Jos – Nigeria(International Journal of Biochemistry Research & Review, 2017-11) Samuel Y.; Gazuwa1*,; Jonathan D.Aim: To determine the levels of Cd, Zn, Pb and Fe in some branded canned lager beers and burukutu (native beer) samples. To compare the prevalence of these metals in the two types of beers in order to proffer recommendations about the contamination of liquor with the metals. Study Design: The work was descriptive. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biochemistry, University of Jos; National Research Institute for Chemical Technology, Zaria (Nigeria) from 10th March-10th April, 2017. Methodology: 10 samples of burukutu were obtained from different sellers within Kugiya market Jos South Local Government Area, Nigeria. 10 samples each, of branded canned lager beers were purchased from the market and they included A®, B®, C®, and D®. To analyse the samples for the metals, atomic absorption spectrophotometry was applied. Results: Mean concentrations (mg/litre), of Cd, Fe, Pb (in branded beers) and Zn ranged from: 0.011 to 0.037±.54; 0.404 to 1.645±.24; 0.120 to 0.215±.75 and 0.017 to 0.088±.76 respectivelyItem SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF VOCAL CORD PARALYSIS: THE NEED FOR CAREFUL PATIENT SELECTION(Afr J Med Med Sci. Author manuscrip, 2015-12-23) DD Kokong, MBBS, FWACS, FICS; AA Adoga, MBBS, FWACS; A Bakari, MBBS, FWACS,FICS,; PO Okundia, MBBS, FWACS; PA Onakoya, MBBS, FWACS, FMCORL; OGB Nwaorgu, MBBS, FWACS, FMCORLBackground—Vocal cord paralysis is one of the challenging laryngeal clinical entities confronting the Laryngologist and indeed, the Phono-surgeon. The ability to maintain an effective balance between voice and airway function to ensure good quality of life requires expertise. This study is therefore designed to highlight our experience on surgical management of vocal cord paralysis. Method—Clinical notes of all patients that met the inclusion criteria for this study on vocal cord paralysis over a ten-year period were analysed. Data was generated from patients’ case files retrieved using standard codes according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10). Results—From the 7,941 new ENT cases seen, 26 patients had vocal cord paralysis (VCP) giving a prevalence of 0.3%. The male to female ratio was 1: 4.2 with a mean age of 45.7years ± 6.3. Their ages ranged from 21–80 years. Thyroidectomy was the main causal factor in 46.2% while idiopathic causes was documented in 23.1%. Twenty-three patients (88.5%) had unilateral VCP from which 21(91.3%) were abductor paralysis. The ratio of Left: Right VCP was 3:1. All the 3 bilateral cases were abductor paralysis. Neurotropic agents only, were effective in cases of unilateral VCP. However, in those with bilateral paralysis, two had tracheostomy only, while the third had a laryngo-fissure, arytenoidoplasty and endo-laryngeal stenting in addition. All were successfully decannulated with good voice quality. Conclusion—With these observations, we suggest the choice of appropriate surgical technique, timing and careful patient selection in order to preserve voice, curtail operative sequelae and achieve good quality of life (QoL) which is the overall management strategy, be borne in mind.Item Aflatoxincontent of Three Condiments and Their Effects on Some Biochemical and Haematological Parameters in WistarRats(IOSR Journal Of Environmental Science, Toxicology And Food Technology, 2013-06) Luka, CarrolDomkat; Tijjani, Habibu; Joel, Enoch Banbilbwa:Condiments as spices are widely used in Nigeria, they provide taste and flavour to meals. In the present study, these condiments; dadawa, ogiri, and okpehewere estimated for aflatoxin contents, their phytochemicals and effects on some biochemical and haematological parameters were also carried out. Twenty four Wistar rats of body weight between 130 – 180 g were randomly distributed into four groups of six rats each; Group 1 were control rat which received 0.5 ml of distilled water per day while Groups 2, 3 and 4 received 400 mg/kg bw. aqueousextracts of dadawa, ogiri and okpehe respectively for 21 days. Phytochemical screening reveals the presence of alkaloids, flavonoid, terpenes and steroids while tannins and balsams were not detected in all condiments. Okpehe has the highestaflatoxin content per kg followed by dadawa and ogiri respectively. Aqueous extracts significantly (P˂0.05) decrease White bloodcells (WBC) in all treated rats while no significant effects (P˃0.05) were observed in monocytes of dadawa and ogiritreatedwhen compared to the control. Total protein was significantly decrease (P˂0.05) in all treated groups and in albumin content of Ogiri and Okpehe. Also, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) showed significant increase (P˂0.05) in all treated groups when compared to the control.Removing aflatoxin from contaminated food and foodstuffs remains a major problem, thereforeaGood Manufacturing Practice (GMP) is highly encouraged in production of these condiments aswellas a close monitoring of their storage and shelf life.Item Ricinus Communis Var Minor Inhibits Follicular Development and Possibly Ovulation in Human Subjects as Shown by Ultrasound Follicle Tracking(Clinical Medicine Insights: Reproductive Health, 2010) H.Y. Goncim; E.S. Mador; J.O. OgunrantiAbstract: There is no evidence from literature to show the use of ultrasound follicle tracking to monitor ovulation in women on Ricinus communis contraception. In the present study 20 women desiring contraception, gave an informed consent to be scanned from day 9 to day 16 of one of their menstrual cycle to track for follicles. After taking one seed of Ricinus communis, the women were again scanned for the same duration. The result obtained showed normal follicular development before the administration of Ricinus communis and the abolition of follicular development in all the 20 volunteers after taking one seed of Ricinus communis (Figs. 1a and 1b). This result showed that one seed of Ricinus communis taken orally is capable of preventing ovulation in humans and hence its anticonceptive effect may be due in part to the prevention of ovulation.Item Zinc Bioavailability in Selected Cereals Grown in Nasarawa State, Nigeria(ACTA SCIENTIFIC NUTRITIONAL HEALTH, 2019-08-12) Yahaya Faisal Ahmed; Kiri Hashimu Jaryum; Haruna Gambo SundayVThe aim of the study was to determine the concentrations of Zinc in selected cereal crops from various Local Government Areas in Nasarawa State, Nigeria and also to determine its bioavailability using albino rats. The dried cereals; Oryza sativa, Zea maize and Sorghum bicolor were collected from farms in seven local government areas of Nasarawa State, Nigeria. The cereals were processed and Zn concentrations of the samples from each local government determined using standard methods. Afterwards, the rats were divided into two groups of ten rats each, a control group and a test group. The cereals were then processed and fed the experimental group of the albino rats for seven days before blood samples were collected and the plasma separated, then zinc concentration determined. Results showed that Karu LGA had the highest Zn concentration in O. Sativa (10.34 mg/g), Nasarawa-Eggon had the highest Zn concentration of 16.72mg/g in Z. mayz, and the highest Zn concentration of 17.98mg/g in Sorghum bicolor. Statistical analysis of the bioavailable Zn however, showed a non-significant (p > 0.05) decrease in Zn bioavailability in the experimental group when compared to the control group. The results of this research therefore indicates that the Zn concentrations in the various cereals obtained from the selected LGAs of Nasarawa State was not bioavalable when the cereals were consumed by the ra