Chemistry Education

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    Equilibrium, Kinetic and Thermodynamic Assessment of the Adsorption of Copper (Cu2+) Ion using Luffa Cylindrica Seed Shell Biomass
    (Nigerian Journal of Chemical Research, 2019) Gongden J. J.; Sani, P.; Lawal, R.A.; Ranga, Y. G.; Lohdip Y.N.; Paul, S.
    The adsorption of copper (ii) ions from aqueous solution by Luffa cylindrica seed shell biomass was carried out with effects of initial metal ion concentration, solution pH, contact time, adsorbent dose and temperature of the process investigated. An optimum adsorbent dosage of 3.0g showed maximum metal uptake capacity (qe) of 1.9229 mg/g (98.2%) for an initial metal ion concentration of 2.0 mg/L and pH 5.5. Sorption equilibrium time was observed in 30 minutes. The equilibrium adsorption data were analyzed using Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin adsorption isotherm models. Temkin isotherm yielded the best fit to the experimental equilibrium adsorption data with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.7027. Pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and intra-particle diffusion models were used to discuss the kinetics of the adsorption. It was discovered that the adsorption of copper (ii) ions could be described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Thermodynamic parameters such as enthalpy (ΔH0) and entropy change of the sorption (ΔS0) evaluated showed that the process was spontaneous, feasible and exothermic in nature. The results indicated that L. Cylindrica seed shell biomass can be used as an effective and low-cost adsorbent to remove copper (ii) ions from aqueous solutions.
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    Physicochemical Properties and Anti-Microbial Activity of Local Black Soap and its Comparison with Ghana Soap with Respect to Nigerian Industrial Standard
    (American Research Journals of Chemistry, 2014-06) Edah, A.O.; Nnoli, C.B.; Wetkum, D.F.
    The production of soap using vegetable matter such as ashes from plantain peels was examined. The water extract of ashes derived from vegetable matter was reacted with Palm Kernel Oil with the aim of producing black soap of good quality. Studies have shown that plantain peels contain high potash. The physicochemical properties shows that the moisture content was 15.51% and 3.77%, foam height was 620ml and 840ml, free fatty acid was 2.18% and 1.83%, total fatty matter was 66.27% and 72.23%, matter insoluble in water was 4.93% and 7.70%, matter insoluble in alcohol was13.36% and 12.38% and pH was 9.62 and 8.45 for local black soap and Ghana soap respectively. The results compare favourably with the Nigerian Industrial Standard (NIS, 2015). Hence it showed good properties.The anti-microbial activity of the local black soap extract against the test organism (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, salmonella typhi) which causes skin problems was effective using agar dilution method. The pattern of inhibition varies with the soap concentration and the test organism. The soap was more effective on S.aureus with maximum zone of growth inhibition of 42.5mm at 500mg/ml. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was found to be 31.25mg/ml for the entire test organism while the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was 500mg/ml for the entire test organism. The anti-microbial activities exhibited by local black soap in this study, justify the use of local black soap for treatment of skin problems.This research has shown that there is hope for waste management and wealth creation.