Crop Production
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Item In vitro evaluation of Carica papaya L. and Lantana camara L. extracts in the Control of Late blight of Potato caused by Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) De Bary(Agricultural Science Research, 2015) Amienyo, C. A. and Onunze, E. TIn vitro study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of two plant extracts of varying concentration in the control of late blight- causing fungal pathogen. Diseased leaves of Irish potato plants were collected from farms. The fungus was isolated from diseased potato leaf samples and identified using culture and morphological characteristics. The fungal species associated with the late blight of potato and subsequent rot was isolated and identified in this study as Phytophthora infestans Extracts of two plants namely: Carica papaya L. and Lantana camara L. were evaluated against Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary using three concentrations (20, 40 and 60g/l). Growth inhibition of the organisms varied with extract type and concentrations. Carica papaya extract was the most effective among the two extracts evaluated. It reduced the radial growth at 60g/l concentration to up to 75.29%. Lantana camara at 40g /l reduced the growth to the rate of 57.65%. There was significant difference in growth inhibition at (p<0.05) by the extract concentrations. The plant materials could serve as an alternative to synthetic fungicide in controlling late blight of potato and other rot inciting organisms.Item Effects of Tin Mine Tailings on the Growth and Development of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Jos, Nigeria(2019-06-26) Ali A. D; Habila S.; Isiwu N. C; Osaji K. J; Nyam D. DAims: To study the effects of mine tailings on the growth and yield of two genotypes of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Study Design: The experiment was laid in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four treatments, two blocks and each block was replicated three times. Place and Duration of Study: Botanical Garden, Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology University of Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria during the rainy season in a field experiment in 2014. Methodology: The mine tailings combinations include four different additions mine tailings soil {(T0) 0 kg as control, (T1) 2 kg, (T2) 3 kg, (T3) 4 kg} and the respective mine tailings soils were added to 6.3 kg of normal soil. Two common bean accessions were used (Cranberry-G1 and Pinto G2), which gave the total of eight treatment combinations (T0G1, T0G2, T1G1, T1G2, T2G1, T2G2, T3G1, T3G2). Results: The control recorded significant higher mean plant height (cm), number of leaves and number of trifoliate leaves, number of pods and number of seeds per pod in both genotypes for allItem EFFECTS OF SEED TUBER SIZE AND NPK FERTILIZER ON SOME YIELD COMPONENTS OF COLEUS POTATO (Solenostemon rotundifolius (Poir) J.K. MORTON)(2015) Ogedegbe, S.A; Safwan, I. I; Ajala, B.AA field experiment was carried out to assess the effects of 3 seed tuber sizes (< 5, 5 ≤ 15 and > 15 g) and 4 levels (0, 100, 200 and 300 kg ha-1) of NPK fertilizer on some tuber yield components of Coleus potato (Solenostemon rotundifolius). Factorial combinations of the 3 seed tuber sizes and the 4 NPK application rates formed 12 treatments evaluated. The treatments were fitted into a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Data were collected on number of healthy and rotten tubers, fresh weight of tubers, length of tubers and girth of tubers. The measured variables differed significantly (P ≤ 0.05) depending on seed tuber size. The smallest seed tuber (< 5 g) recorded the highest number of healthy tubers but was similar to the other seed tubers. Total tuber fresh weight from < 5 g seed tubers (839.1 g) was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) heavier by 51.2 % than that of > 15 g seed tubers (554.8 g). Application of 300 kg NPK ha-1 increased the number of rotten tubers (51) relative to the control treatment (28). The 0 and 100 kg NPK ha-1 treatments produced heavier tubers than the 200 and 300 kg NPK ha-1 treatments. These results signify that the smallest seed tuber (< 5 g) enhanced tuber yield better than the other seed tubers. It is evident that Coleus potato could yield well without NPK fertilization when soil nitrogen is high (i.e. > 0.2 %). further improvement (Prematilake, 2004). Consequently, these tuber crops are propagated by vegetative methods using tubers of varying shapes and sizes. Information on the economic importance and agronomic practices of Coleus potato which has suffered research neglect for several years is limited (Enyiukwu et al., 2014). Concerted efforts at conserving, documenting and promoting the dynamic use of Coleus potato is now required (Olojede et al, 2005). Evidently, agronomic research on Coleus potato is scanty and more are needed before any meaningful advancement on the crop can be made. Although there are coordinated efforts by the National Root Crops Research Institute (NRCRI), Nigeria, to improve the cultural and agronomic practices of Coleus potato production, more associated researches are required in multiple locations and with different experimental treatments. This experiment was therefore designed to investigate the effects of seed tuber size and NPK application on some tuber yield components of Coleus potato. Materials and Methods Keywords: Coleus potato, NPK application, seed tuber, tuber yield, VomItem Antifungal Activity of Cucumis metuliferus E.Mey. ex Naudin on Some Post-harvest Decay Fungi of String beans(Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR), 2015) Nwadiaro, P.O.; Ogbonna A.I.; Wuyep P.A.; Sila-Gyang M.D.Crude aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Cucumis metuliferus fruit were screened for their phytochemical components which revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, saponins and cardiac glycosides. Steroids and anthraquinones were completely absent. The extracts were tested for their inhibitory effect on five fungal species (Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium oxysporum, Mucor sp., Penicillium citrinum and Rhizopus stolonifer) isolated from decayed Phaseolus vulgaris (String Bean). The different concentrations of the extract used ranged between 200-1000 mg/mL. Screening for antifungal activity using agar well diffusion method showed inhibition of all the test fungi especially at higher concentrations except for R. stolonifer that was not inhibited by the ethanolic extract. The highest effect of aqueous extract was observed in P. citrinum with inhibition zone of 34 mm at 1000 mg/mL, followed by Mucor sp. with inhibition zone of 32 mm, the least was recorded for F. oxysporum with zone diameter of 22 mm. The highest activity for ethanolic extract was recorded for A. niger with inhibition zone of 35 mm while the least was recorded for F. oxysporum with zone diameter of 18 mm. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the extracts was determined using agar dilution method. The MIC values of the extracts ranged between 12.5-25 mg/mL. The results showed A. niger and P. citrinum as the most sensitive and F. oxysporum as the least sensitive to the extract. The Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) of the extracts also ranged between 25-50 mg/mL indicating that the extracts are fungicidal at those concentrations.Item Optimization of Cellulase Production and Biodegradation of Artemisia annua L. wastes by Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma viride(Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR), 2015-05-12) A.I. Ogbonna; F.C. Onwuliri,; C.I.C. Ogbonna; J.E. OteikwuAspergillus Niger and Trichoderma viride isolated from soils of Artemisia annua L. plantations were used for the production of cellulases using submerged state fermentation (SmF). Artemisia annua process waste was used as the substrate for the fermentation. The fermentation broth was further assayed for various parameters including effects of incubation period, different concentrations of Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), incubation temperature and pH on enzyme production. The results indicated that the test fungi had their peak enzyme activity of 126 and 913 IU/mL respectively on the 3rd d of incubation. At 3% conc. of CMC, A. niger and T. viride had their highest enzyme production of 181.5 and 222.6 IU/mL respectively. The lowest enzyme production of 127.3 and 138.9 IU/mL was recorded for the two fungi at 0.5% conc. of CMC. Aspergillus niger had its peak of 166.2 IU/mL at incubation temperature of 30C and 189 IU/mL for T. viride at 50C. The optimum pH for enzyme production for A. niger and T. viride was pH 3 producing 227 and 239 IU/mL enzymes respectively.Item Extracelullar Cellulase Production by Solid State Bioprocesses of Artemisia annua L. Agro Waste(Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR), 2017-08) gbonna; Abigail Ify; Sila; Micheal Davou; Onyimba, Isaac A; Ogbonna, Chike I. ChuksAgrowaste residues are made up of cellulosic and hemicellulosic materials. These cellulosic wastes are ideal for the growth of microorganisms which in turn convert the wastes to organic manures. Biodegradation potential of two fungal species isolated from soils of Artemisia annua plantation was investigated. The two fungal strains were selected from a preliminary test carried out on fungal isolates using Carboxymethylcellulose agar plates. Congo red test was performed and Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma viride showed highest hydrolytic zones and were used for the biodegradation of the A. annua agrowaste. Biodegradation of the agro waste lasted for 7 and 14 d. The percentage weight loss for pulverized agro waste obtained for T. viride was 27 and 21% after the 7th and 14th d of degradation while for A. niger it was 32 and 24%. The percentage weight loss for no pulverized agro waste obtained for T. viride was 34 and 22% after 7th and 14th d degradation process while the figures obtained for A. niger was 36 and 30% respectively. The enzyme produced and its activity was determined under different process parameters including effects of different concentration of Carboxymethylcellulose powder, incubation period, temperature and pH. The pulverization of the A. annua waste into powder gave better results as it helped in high conversion yields obtained as against the no pulverized waste material.