Faculty of Agriculture
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Item Architecture Design Pratice in Nigeria: What Role for a Design Guide(Humanities and Social Sciences Review, 2014) .Allu,Evelyn L. AThe shift from traditional design practices to sustainable design practices, the challenges of climate change and the global concern for the sustainability of the built environment motivate this study. The focus for this paper is to encourage sustainable conscious design by architects in Nigeria, through the use of a design guide. The survey was carried outto provide insights into the design practices and the perceptions of these professionals in regards to their roles to provide sustainable buildings and their willingness to use design guide in order to improve their design output. Findings suggest that on one hand, there is a low level (41%) of knowledge on the relationship between climate change and buildings. On the other hand, there is the willingness (100%) on the part of these professionals to use a sustainable design guide. This study also recommends a design checklist for architects, clients and design approval agency in Nigeria in order to ensure standards and compliance to the use of sustainable features by designersItem Silent Human Trypanosoma brucei gambiense Infections around the Old Gboko Sleeping Sickness Focus in Nigeria(Hindawi Publishing Corporation Journal of Parasitology Research, 2016-01-03) Karshima Solomon Ngutor; Lawal A. Idris; Okubanjo Oluseyi OluyinkaTrypanosoma brucei gambiense causes Gambian trypanosomosis, a disease ravaging affected rural parts of Sub-Saharan Africa. We screened 1200 human blood samples for T. b. gambiense using the card agglutination test for trypanosomosis, characterized trypanosome isolates with Trypanosoma gambiense serum glycoprotein-PCR (TgsGP-PCR), and analyzed our data using Chi square and odds ratio at 95% confidence interval for statistical association. Of the 1200 samples, the CATT revealed an overall infection rate of 1.8% which ranged between 0.0% and 3.5% across study sites. Age and sex based infection rates ranged between 1.2% and 2.3%. We isolated 7 (33.3%) trypanosomes from the 21 seropositive samples using immunosuppressed mice which were identified as T. b. gambiense group 1 by TgsGP-PCR. Based on study sites, PCR revealed an overall infection rate of 0.6% which ranged between 0.0% and 1.5%. Females and males revealed PCR based infection rates of 0.3% and 0.8%, respectively. Infection rates in adults (1.3%) and children (0.1%) varied significantly (𝑝 < 0.05). We observed silent T. b. gambiense infections among residents of this focus. Risks of disease development into the second fatal stage in these patients who may also serve as reservoirs of infection in the focus exist.Item Comparative prediction analysis of body weight from biometric traits in F1 New Zealand White purebred and its California cross bred rabbits(Annals of Biological Sciences, 2013) O.M. Akinsola; B.I. Nwagu; M. Orunmuyi; G.T. Iyeghe-Erakpotobor; O.T.F.Abanikannda; E.D. Eze; A.J. Shoyombo; E.U.Okuda; U.LouisOne hundred and forty four (144) F1 New Zealand White purebred and New Zealand White x California crossbred rabbits at eight weeks old were used to estimate bodyweight from body measurements using regression analyses. Ten biometric measurements were made on each individual animal. New Zealand White x California crossbred were superior (P<0.05) to the New Zealand White purebred for bodyweight but biometric measurements were not statistically significant (P>0.05) between the two breed types. Phenotypic correlations were found to be positive and significance (P<0.01) for both genotypes. The regression analysis was more sensitive in New Zealand White x California crossbred (R2=0.85-0.91) compared to New Zealand White purebred (R2=0.84-0.89). In conclusion, body weight could be predicted from biometric measurements for both genotypes accurately using tape measures.Item A comparison of insect fruit utilization of Carissa (Carissa edulis Vahl) and Jasmine (Jasminum dichotomum Vahl) in a protected habitat(IOSR Journal Of Environmental Science, Toxicology And Food Technology (IOSR-JESTFT), 2013) Yilangai. R. M.; Chaskda. A. A; Mwansat. G. S; Akwashiki. OFlowering plants and insects dominate the flora and fauna of earth’s land surface and interactions between them are dominant elements of the terrestrial ecosystems. This study, determined the insect fruit utilizers of the plants Carissa and Jasmine. The study further compared the two plant species in terms of the diversity of insect fruit utilizers and their frequency of visits. Data was collected in the Amurum Forest Reserve, north central Nigeria, between June and July 2011 through video recordings to identify the insect species and their frequency and duration of visits on the two plants. A total of 322 individual insects spread across 20 species were recorded during the study. C. edulis had the highest diversity and abundance of insect species as compared to J. dichotomum. Thirteen insect species were observed exclusively on C. edulis while 3 insect species were exclusive to J. dichotomum. Insect species diversity and frequency of visits differed significantly between the two study plants in favour of C. edulis. The insect family Formicidae was the most common on both plant species. 99.7% of individuals were observed foraging on the fruits of the two plants while only one individual insect (i.e. 0.31%) exhibited perching behaviour.Item Estimates Of Genetic Parameters For Body Weight And Some Economic Important Traits In The Japanese Quails (Coturnix Coturnix Japonica)(Researchjournali’s Journal of Agriculture, 2016) Kaye .J; Akpa. G.N; Adeyinka I.A; Nwagu B.IResearch was conducted to study the effect of selection on generation, age and sex for body weight, body dimension, carcass trait and their realized heritability (h2 ) in Japanese quail with foundation stock of about 784 (364 males and 672 females) quails. Data obtained were subjected to analyses of variance and realized heritability calculated as appropriate for the following: live body weight and carcass traits in generation of Japanese quail as influence by sex and age, carcass weight and some edible and Inedible traits of Japanese quail, live body dimensions of Japanese quail as Influenced by sex, generation and age, realized heritability for body weight, carcass and some Inedible traits, body length in Japanese quail. The result indicated that live body weight, carcass traits, organs and live body dimensions in generations of Japanese quail are positively influenced by sex and age and the females were consistently higher in body weight at day 35, 42, 49 and 56 of age. There was weekly body weight increased among base, first, second generations, the first generation showed lower pres-slaughtered live body weight and carcass traits values than base and second generation. Carcass weight, gizzard weight, kidney weight, testicular weight, head weight, leg weight, wing weight and abdominal weight of females showed higher figures than the males. Selection for high body weight significantly affects the carcass traits of base, first and second generation. First generation has lower values than base and second generation. That shows that selection for high body weight affects generations of quail selected positively. The body dimensions in the birds at different ages shows that their body length, keel length, pelvic circumference, shank length, thigh length, wing length, abdominal fat thickness increased with age. Body length, pelvic circumference, shank length and thigh length affects the sex of the quail but the females shows high body dimension than the males therefore selection for high body weight affects generations, sex, age of quail selected positively significantly (P< 0.05) and (P < 0.01). The realized heritability of selection base on body weight at day 35 in Japanese quail showed that live body weight and some of the Japanese quail traits parts are moderate in breast weight and high in most of the traits. Carcass and some inedible traits show higher h2 (0.46 – 0.83). Body length, pelvic circumference, shank length h2 are low, while wing length and abdominal fat thickness h2 are moderate and keel length and drumstick length were high.Item Performance Assessment of Sustainable Architectural Practice in Nigeria: Insights from the Diminishing Role of the Architect(Journal of Applid Sciences & nvironmental Sustainability, 2017) Enwerekowe; Obianuju Ebelechukwu; Tsok; Joel DaudaThis paper aims at examining the effect of the diversification of the increasingly shared role of the architect and the other allied building professionals on the future of the architectural profession in the country. A mixed-method study of the expanding role of the architect, public awareness of the diversification in construction industry practices and the effect on the users of the built environment show that architects participated in 83.3% of the observed cases during pre-construction or design stages but only 33.3% of the cases during construction. Architects are twice as likely to be supplanted on construction sites by allied professionals because client and user perception holds that architects fail to provide “realistic” solutions to the brief and charge too much in professional fees. The study recommends: 1) architects need to embrace the diversification of roles in the construction industry through specialised tools such as project management, scheduling, cost reconciliation, property development and product marketing; 2) improvement in the level of creativity and practice ideology to prevent architects from getting supplanted on grounds of incompetence and 3) reminds legislative bodies, stakeholders and clients to protect the constitutional role of the architect and increase public sensitisation of the need to engage architects to preserve the essence of the built environment.Item ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF POULTRY EGG ENTERPRISE IN KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA(National Animal Production Research Institute Ahmadu Bello University, 2016) 1Hassan, A. A.,; Ahmadu, H. J; 3Dawang, N. C.;; 1AbdulSalam, Z.This study determined the input-output relationship and cost and return in egg production in Kaduna state. Primary data were collected from 225 egg producers drawn from the study area by a simple random sampling technique. Data was analysed by the use of descriptive statistics, multiple regression, cost and return analysis. The total cost of production was N206, 610. 44 per 100 layers and net farm income was N208, 079. 75. The return per Naira invested was N1.01. Feed cost accounted for 69% of the total cost of egg production. The regression result revealed that all the parameters estimated except labour (-0.742) carry positive sign. This implied that flock size (1.287), feed (0.911) and medication cost (0.305) have direct relationship with the farmer’s egg output. The t-ratios showed that flock size, and feed were significant at 5% and 10% level of significance respectively. To improve profitability, better management practices should be implemented to minimize incidence of disease outbreaks; feed should be formulated locally to reduce feed costItem Water use Efficiency of Maize Crop under Deficit Irrigation Scheduling using Gravity Drip System in Samaru, Nigeria(Global Journal of Science Frontier Research, 2017) Oiganji Ezekiel; Igbadun, H. E; O. J Mudiare; M. A OyebodeAbstract- The use of gravity fed drip irrigation systems is fast gaining popularity in Northern Nigeria. The drip kit uses gravity instead of a pump to provide the head (energy) for its operation. The water source (a tank or bucket) is usually place some meters above the ground to provide the pressure head. In the study reported herein, a field experiments were carried out at the Institute for Agricultural Research (I.A.R) irrigation farm Samaru-Nigeria during 2012/2013 irrigation season to evaluate the effect of deficit irrigation scheduling, using the gravity drip kit, on yield and water use of a maize (SAMAZ 14 variety) crop. The field experiment consisted of eight treatments replicated three times. The treatments comprises of a control treatment which was given full irrigation (irrigated at 100 % water requirement) and a full deficit treatment which was irrigated at 50 % water requirement. The other treatments were irrigated at 50 and 75 % of water requirement at different growth stages of the maize crop. The irrigation interval was alternated between three and four days. The drip system layout consisted of three drip lines of 5 m long each per treatment, given a total of 72 lines for the entire field. The drip tape was 16 mm diameter with in-built emitters spaced 30 cm interval. The drip lines were spaced 60 cm apart in each treatment, and a 2000 litres capacity GeePee tank placed 3 m above the ground was used to supply water. The hydraulic performance was drip system was evaluated, grain yield and crop water use were measured and crop water productivity was computed. The average variation of the emitter flow rate was found to be 19.7 %, the emission uniformity was 92 %, while the distribution uniformity was 91.9 %; which implies even distribution of water through the drip system. The average discharge coefficient of variation was 6.34 % and the average coefficient of variation uniformity was calculated as 93.6 %. The overall application efficiency of the system was 92.2 %. The overall average dripper discharge was found to be 0.557 liter/hr. Grain yield ranged between 1.56 and 3.39 t/ha, seasonal crop water use varied from 320 to 483 mm and crop water productivity ranged between 0.41 and 0.63 kg/m3. The drip system was found to be very effective in administering deficit scheduling with high water application efficiency. The highest crop yield, seasonal water use and water productivity were obtained in the treatment that was fully irrigated, which implies that the deficit irrigation did not improve the crop response or water use efficiency. The results suggest that with gravity drip irrigation system, deficit irrigation practice will not lead to higher crop water use efficiency of the maize crop.Item The Effect of Vegetation in Enhancing the Performance of Courtyard in Buildings of Tropical Climate(Journal of Applied Sciences & Environmental Sustainability, 2017-08-05) Modi S. Zango; Dilshan R. Ossen; Doris H. C. Toe; Pontip S. Nimlyat; Oluwagbemiga P. Agboola; Bobai J. LukeVegetation and Built environments usually have a relationship in terms of air temperature mitigation, However, courtyard buildings, as a microclimate modifier is rarely assessed. The study examines the courtyard air temperature difference of the atmospheric condition in Chinese shop-house in Malacca, Malaysia. Advocacy, utilizing field measurement and centring on the difference in air temperature of the courtyard with 69% vegetation and courtyard with 18% vegetation under the same state of courtyard Area and height. The Microsoft Excel was used as the Statistical tool throughout the Analysis. The outcomes demonstrate that there exists a difference of 3-degree centigrade in the courtyard with 69% vegetation and courtyard with 18% vegetation. The results demonstrate that vegetation regulates the air temperature within the courtyards.Item Increasing production efficiency of ginger for poverty alleviation in Kaduna state, Nigeria: A stochastic frontier approach(International Journal of Development and Sustainability, 2014-08-14) Sunday Mailumo; Charles Dawang; Kinsley Okeke-AguluThe study analysed the technical efficiency of ginger production among farmers in Jema’s, North Central Nigeria. A multi-stage simple random sampling technique was used to obtain a sample of 100 farmers. Data generated were analysed using the stochastic frontier production function. The result shows that fertilizer, herbicides and labour were significant determinants of farm output. The result also shows that the maximum efficiency of the ginger farmers was 0.98 while minimum efficiency was 0.55 with mean efficiency of 0.77.The result of the inefficiency effects model showed that none of the variables has significant effect on the technical efficiency of the farmers. Thus, most of the technical inefficiency is accounted for by factors that are not captured in the model. Implications are that ginger enterprise should be made more attractive by the provision of modern farm technologies and farmers’ cooperative societies should be involved in the supply of production inputs to prospective farmers. Farmers should further be motivated through adequate markets for ginger to enhance their production and increased living standards.