Faculty of Agriculture
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Item Economics of Small-Scale Broiler Production under Fadama III Project in Dutse Local Government Area, Jigawa State, Nigeria(Journal of Agricultural Economics, Extension & Social Sciences, 2018) Ahungwa , G.T; Badamasi , S.; Abdulkarim, A.The research was conducted to examine the economic viability of broiler production enterprise under Fadama III project scheme, with a view of economic diversification and investment opportunities in Dutse Local Government Area, Jigawa State. In pursuance of this objective, 50 registered broiler farmers were selected through stratified sampling technique in three council wards (Kudai, Modobi and Limawa) of Dutse LGA. Data collection was achieved through face to face questionnaire guided interview. Data were then analyzed using profitability and regression analyses. The profitability indices depict that variable cost accounted for about 54% of the total cost with the cost of feed representing 21% of variable cost. Nevertheless, a gross return of ₦198,170.00 and a net return of ₦23,545 were realized on the average, showing that every ₦1 invested returned ₦1.13, which proved that the enterprise is a profitable venture with promising returns on investment. The estimates of regression analysis show that day old chick, water supply, and labour were the most significant determinants of profitability margin of broiler enterprise in the area. Resource use efficiency reflected overutilization of labor, veterinary services and water while feed and day-old chicks were underutilized. It is recommended that increased stocking rate, reduced use of labour and reliance on the use of local materials for pen construction can greatly minimize cost of production.Item Analysis of Farmers’ Choice among Alternative Rice Output Markets in Kano State, Nigeria(Journal of Agricultural Economics, Extension & Social Sciences, 2018-05) Abdulrahman, S.,; Oladimeji, Y.U.,; Abdullahi, M. Y; Binuyo, G.; Abdullahi, M. M.The study analyzes the farmers’ choice among alternative rice output market in Kano State, Nigeria. Primary data were collected from 164 rice farmers with the aid of structured questionnaire. This study was conducted in three Local Government Areas of Kano State during 2015 cropping season. A multistage sampling procedure was employed for the study. Probit model was used to estimate the farmers’ choices among alternative rice output market outlets by rice farmers. The result shows majority (98%) of rice farmers are married; average age of 38 years with adjusted household size of 5. The estimated mean years of schooling of the respondents was 5 years, and largely skewed towards the non-formal education. The likelihood ratio was -113.401 and hence exceeds the critical chi-square values at p<0.01 level of significance. The Prob > chi2 was (50.03) and significant at p<0.01 level of probability. The probability of obtaining this chi-square statistic shows the effect of the predictor variables on specified alpha level. Farmers’ choices among alternative rice output market outlets was significantly determined by educational status, access to credit, cooperative membership, distance to market, quantity of output produced by the farmers and market price of rice (P<0.10). Based on the findings, it could be concluded that the most commonly used output markets was rural assembler (82.3%). Rural markets should be linked to the urban market to attract good value for rice products.Item Food Security Situations among Smallholder Farmers under Kogi Accelerated Rice Production Programme: A USDA Approach(Journal of Agricultural Economics, Extension & Social Science, 2018) Abdulazeez, R.O.; Musa, M. W.; Saddiq, N. M; Abdulrahman, S.; Oladimeji, Y. U.The study analyzed food security status of smallholder farmers under Kogi accelerated rice production program: a USDA approach. Primary data collected through multistage sampling procedure were obtained from 216 irrigated rice farmers randomly selected using the card method. Descriptive statistics and United State Development Agency (USDA) approach were employed. The results showed the mean age of household heads was 42 years, average household size of 4, and mean farming experience of 8 years. The USDA method categorizes households using a constructed food security scale. The result also revealed that the marginal effect of 0.477 shows that one extra year of education increases the probability of being food secured by 47.7%. Household size and household’s dependency ratio were found to be negative and statistically significant at p<0.1 and p<0.05 level of probability which signified an inverse relationship with household food security. Furthermore, an additional increase in the number of non-working member of household increases the food requirement of households thereby reducing the probability of food security. Income had positive influence on food security status and significant at p<0.10 level. The most widely used coping strategies by the farmers under Kogi Accelerated Rice Production Programmed in the state are purchased food on credit, restricted consumption of adults to allow more for children, reduced numbers of meal per day, sold household assets, begging and borrowing.Item Analysis of Environmental Factors Affecting Rural Livelihood Diversification among Rural Dwellers in Adamawa State, Nigeria(EPH - International Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Research, 2016-11) Donye, A. O.; Ani, A. O.; Bzugu, P. M.; Nuhu, H. S.This study analyzed the environmental factors affecting rural livelihood diversification in Adamawa State, Nigeria. The data used for the analysis were generated from 360 respondents, using multi-stage random sampling procedure. The analytical tools used were descriptive (frequencies and percentages) and inferential statistics (Tobit regression). The descriptive statistics were used in categorizing the respondents on the basis of their socio-economic characteristics. Tobit regression was employed to determine the environmental factors affecting livelihood diversification. The major findings were that: the frequency of natural disasters (X1) and season of the year (X5) were positive and significant for livelihood diversification at 5% level of significance. The number of natural resources (X3) available in an environment was positive and significant for livelihood diversification at 1% level of significance. The distance between state headquarters, local government headquarters and major towns (X2) and where a respondent lives was found to be not significant. Similarly, distance between markets (X4) and where a respondent lives was also found to be not significant for livelihood diversification. It was concluded that the number of natural disasters that occur and the number of natural resources available in the study area are strong factors that affect livelihood diversification. It was recommended, among others, that the prevailing environmental factors in a given area should be considered at the planning stages for any rural development or empowerment projects meant for livelihood diversification. Livelihood diversification opportunities should be made available and possible during dry season periods in the study area.Item Effects of dietary inclusion of cassava peel meal on functional properties of chicken egg in duration of storage(2018) Ogunwole O. A.; Samireddypalle A.; DaramolaT. B.; Mosuro A. O.; Oshibanjo O. D.Effect of dietary inclusion of cassava peel meal on functional properties of chicken eggs in days of storage was evaluated. Issa Brown layers (n=2400), aged 36 weeks were randomly allotted to two dietary treatments of 1200 birds each. Control (T1) was corn-soya diet while T2 had 5% corn replaced with cassava peel mash and were fed ad libitum to respective birds for six weeks. Eggs (n=150) were sampled, stored at ambient conditions and functional properties as well as lipid oxidation monitored at days 0, 7, 14, and 21. Bulk density (9.75±0.94-10.00±1.42), emulsion activity (51.83±1.00- 52.00±1.41), lipid oxidation (0.91±0.14-0.96±0.06) increased while foaming capacity (15.17±5.784.17±4.26), foaming stability (8.00±6.63-3.75±2.72), water absorption capacity (1.53±0.781.441±0.89), water retention capacity (1.66±1.06-1.48±0.90), oil absorption capacity (1.39±0.891.38±0.93), oil retention capacity (0.99±0.74-1.16±0.73) decreased in days of storage (DOS). Interaction of DOS and diets affected (P<0.05) foaming capacity and stability of eggs. Dietary cassava peel meal enhanced foaming capacity and lipid oxidation in chicken eggs.Item Breaking of Dormancy and Its Effects on Seedling Establishment of Date Palm (Phoenix Dactylifera L.)(2016) Habila S.; Ali A. D.; Salihu F. H.A study was carried out in the Botanical Garden of the Department of Plant Science and Technology, University of Jos, Nigeria, to determine the most effective method of breaking seed dormancy in Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.). The treatments comprised two types of seed (fresh; seeds less than six month old and the dry seeds were more than six months old) with four different methods of breaking seed dormancy (seeds soaked in acid for 5 minutes, 5 minutes in boiling water, 24 hours in cold water and mechanical scarification) and the control (seeds were not treated). The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design and each treatment was replicated five times. Germination rate (%) was measured weekly for four weeks and seedling height (cm) was measured at 2 weeks interval (beginning from 35 days after planting) for a period of eight weeks. The results showed that the different methods of breaking seed dormancy enhanced the germination of the Date palm and seedling growth. The boiling and cold water treatments had significantly (P<0.005) higher germination rate of 100% at 42 days after planting than the control which had 86.67%. The dry seeds had a significantly (P<0.05) low (26.67) germination rate at 35 days after planting but, did not differ significantly with the fresh seeds at 35 DAP. The boiling water treatment also had a significantly (P<0.005) high seedling height (25.00 cm) at 77 days after planting. The control had the lowest seedling height of 6.72 cm at 35 days after planting. The seeds treated with acids for 5 minutes, did not germinate at all. The result indicates that optimum germination and seedling establishment in Date palms occurred in fresh seeds and the most effective method of breaking the dormancy is through the use of boiling water.Item Effect of Cooking Methods and Temperature on Proximate and Amino Acid Composition of Breakfast Sausage(2019-08-07) Oshibanjo D. O; Olusola O. O.; Ogunwole O. A.Aims: The effect of cooking method and temperature on amino acid composition of breakfast sausage (BS) was undertaken in this study. Methodology: Three batches of prepared BS from beef, were randomly allotted to three cooking methods (CM): (boiling, grilling and frying) each at cooking temperatures (CT) of 80, 90 and 100°C to attain internal temperature of 72°C in a completely randomized design. Samples from each treatment were oven-dried and assayed for amino acid and proximate composition using standard procedures. Data obtained was analysed using descriptive statistic and ANOVA at α0.05. Results: Results showed that grilled sausage at 80°C had highest total amino acid profile (3.2%). Grilled sausage at 80°C had highest crude protein (25.58%). Grilled BS at 80°C recorded least fat content (15.99%). Grilled sausage at 80°C had the higher ash (6.66%) and least (1.40%) in boiled sausage at 90°C. Conclusion: Therefore, breakfast sausage could be best grilled at 80°C due to maintain high amino acid profile, crude protein, ash and lower fat content. _________________________________________________________________________________________________Item Effects of Tin Mine Tailings on the Growth and Development of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Jos, Nigeria(2019-06-26) Ali A. D; Habila S.; Isiwu N. C; Osaji K. J; Nyam D. DAims: To study the effects of mine tailings on the growth and yield of two genotypes of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Study Design: The experiment was laid in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four treatments, two blocks and each block was replicated three times. Place and Duration of Study: Botanical Garden, Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology University of Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria during the rainy season in a field experiment in 2014. Methodology: The mine tailings combinations include four different additions mine tailings soil {(T0) 0 kg as control, (T1) 2 kg, (T2) 3 kg, (T3) 4 kg} and the respective mine tailings soils were added to 6.3 kg of normal soil. Two common bean accessions were used (Cranberry-G1 and Pinto G2), which gave the total of eight treatment combinations (T0G1, T0G2, T1G1, T1G2, T2G1, T2G2, T3G1, T3G2). Results: The control recorded significant higher mean plant height (cm), number of leaves and number of trifoliate leaves, number of pods and number of seeds per pod in both genotypes for allItem On-farm Fatality Rate of Cattle Transported to Lgboora Abattoir(2019-09-07) Oyinlola O. O; Oshibanjo D. O; Luka J. S.; Okapanachi U.; Okeke R. OAims: The shortcomings in animal welfare during the transportation of cattle had led to increased mortality among animals. The aim of this study is to determine the fatality rate in cattle transported for slaughter in the Towobowo abattoir located in Igboora Ibarapa Central Local Government. Materials and Methods: The fatality of cattle transported to Igboora abattoir was evaluated for four months. The cattle were brought to the lairage at Towobowo before they were slaughtered and sold out. They were usually brought in from Budo Musa and Thursday kraal market in Igboora. 2,196 cattle were brought to the abattoir between January and April, 2019. 12 animals were lost top transportation stress and mishandling. Data were analysed using chi square. Results: There was not significant effect (p=0.4464) of the fatality rate across the months. Since, fatality is usually recorded mostly from the cattle brought from Budo Musa due to overcrowding in the trucks and under extreme atmospheric conditions with rough driving. ________________________________________________________________________________________________Item Effect of Selected Oils on Antioxidant and Physicochemical Properties of Breakfast Sausage(2019-08-13) Oshibanjo D. O.; Olusola O. O; Luka J. S.; Adesope A. I.; Lawrence Abegunde; Gbeffe K. A; Adeniyi A. K; Akwashiki M. AAims: The process of degradation converts fatty acid esters of oils into free fatty acids, by reaction with air, moisture and/or other materials. The main cause of rancidity of lipids is the oxidative deterioration of unsaturated fatty acids through a free-radical chain mechanism called lipid peroxidation. The aim of this study seek to evaluate the effect of selected oils on antioxidant and physicochemical properties of breakfast sausage. Methodology: Breakfast sausage was prepared (g/100 g: beef 65.0, corn flour 10.0, oil 10.0, others 13.0). Lard, was replaced with shea butter, olive oil or groundnut oil in a completely _____________________________________________________________________________________________________
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