Faculty of Agriculture
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Item The prevalence of malaria and typhoid co-infection in pregnant women attending antenatal in Wuse general hospital Abuja, Nigeria(Scientific Journal of Veterinary Advances, 2015-07) V.A. Pama,*, S. Landanb, D.D. Pamc, J.F. Gullekd, J. Okorof, K.I. Ogbue, C.J. Bote, A.O. AkinyeraeMalaria and typhoid fever are both endemic in the tropics and pregnant women constitute one of the high risk groups. The objective is to determine the rate of malaria- typhoid co-infection in pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Wuse general hospital Abuja, Nigeria.A study of malaria infection and typhoid fever on the pregnant women attending wuse general hospital and its haematological parameters was carried out between April and May, 2015 in Abuja. Blood samples were collected and examined for malaria and typhoid using widal agglutination method and P. falciparium antigens rapid test device respectively. Of the 200 sampled, 16(8%) were infected with malaria parasite while 77 (38.5%) were infected with typhoid, 9(4.5%) had the malaria typhoid co-infection. More co-infection 7(10.6%) was recorded among primigravidae than the multigravidae 2 (2.2%) these differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05, df =1, X2cal= 8.5462, X2tab= 3.841). Highest prevalence was recorded among those in their first trimester 6 (8.9%) and lowest among those in the third trimester 0 (0%), these differences were also statistically significant (P < 0.05, df =1, X2cal= 4.3292, X2tab= 5.991). The study showed that typhoidfever wascomplicated by malaria in pregnancy in at least 38.5% of the cases and this has a far reaching effect on adverse pregnancy outcome. This has immense public health implication.Item ANALYSIS OF RAINFALL DATA FOR EFFECTIVE AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION IN ADAMAWA STATE, NIGERIA(Multidisciplinary Journal of Empirical Research, 2007-04) Binbol, N. L. and Zemba, A. A.The paper demonstrates how analysis of climatic data particularly precipitation related parameters are very crucial in agricultural production. Daily rainfall data were collected from the archives of the Upper Benue River Basin Development Authority (UBRBDA) for 3 stations from the North, Central and Southern part of the state to ensure spatial coverage for the period 1984 — 2004. Precipitation effectiveness parameters analysed are onset, cessation, length of rainy season, seasonality index of rainfall and hydrologic ration. The result of the analysis show that the south-north onset and north-south cessation pattern does not apply to Adamawa State. Some pattern was observed with the seasonality index, while hydrologic ratio followed the normal north-south gradation. The spatial pattern of these parameter were discussed with respect to Adamawa State. The study concludes that except for the late maturing variety of rice, all the major subsistent crops cultivated in the state can be sustained using rain fed agriculture and that the southern part of the state can conveniently support double cropping without irrigation.Item Evaluation of Reproductive Performance of Rabbits Fed Graded Levels of Moringa oleifera Leaves and Twigs Meals(International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS), 2018-12) Olusegun D. Oshibanjo; Philips M. Goholshak; Olabisi Akinfolarin; Moses A. Akwashik; Opeyemi Adediran; Idowu Adesope; Lawrence AbegundeThis study was carried out to evaluate the reproductive performance of rabbits fed Moringa oleifera leaves meal and Moringa oleifera twig meal at 0% 5% and 10% leaves meal (MLM) and 10% twigs meal (MTM). Method: Twenty Female grower rabbits of mixed breed with mean Initial weight of 2323.25 +33.12 and five New Zealand White buck. The animals were randomly allocated in completely randomized design. The data collected includes feed intake, conception rate, litter size, litter weight, weaning weight, and average daily weight gain and litter survival rate. Data were analysed using descriptive statistic and ANOVA at α0.05. Result and discussion: The results obtained reveals that feed intake, litter size and average daily weight gained were not significantly different. However conception rate was significantly (P> 0.05) affected. The litter weight after birth was significantly higher in rabbits fed 10% MLM with least litter weight in rabbits fed no MLM/MTM. The weaning weight was higher in 10% MTM while 5% MLM had the least value. The survival rate was significantly higher in rabbits fed 10% MLM with least survival rate recorded for rabbits fed no MLM/MTM. In conclusion, Moringa oleifera leaves/twigs meals at 10% are excellent feed resources for breeding rabbit.Item Selection of Suitable Starter Cultures for Nutrient Composition Enhancement of Spent Sorghum Grains and Sweet Potato Leaves(IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology (IOSR-JESTFT), 2014) I. A. Onyimba; C. I. C. Ogbonna; C. O. O. Chukwu; A. I. Ogbonna; C. E. Odu; C. O. AkueshiIn an effort to find suitable starter cultures for enhancing the nutrient compositions of spent sorghum grains (SSG) and sweet potato leaves (SPL), three microorganisms, Aspergillus niger, Chaetomium globosum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were used in singles and in combinations to ferment SSG and SPL for 21 days at a temperature of 25 ± 2oC. All the microbial treatments brought about increases in crude protein, crude fat and energy contents of both substrates, with accompanying reductions in crude fibre contents. SPL fermented with the combination of C. globosum and S. cerevisiae had the highest protein, fat and energy increases observed (96%, 368% and 10.2% respectively). The combination of C. globosum and S. cerevisiae also caused the highest crude fibre reduction in SSG (33.86%) while the combination of all three test organisms caused the highest crude fibre reduction in SPL (37.44%). Ash content increased in most cases while nitrogen free extract (NFE) values generally declined. The consortium of the three test organisms was concluded to be the best starter culture for enhancing the nutrient composition of SSG while the combination of C. globosum and S. cerevisiae was best for SPL.Item RFLP- Based Gel Electrophoregram of DNA Primers for Acha (Fonio) Characterisation From Nigeria(International Journal of Innovative Approaches in Agricultural Research, 2019-12-19) Nyam D.D.; Kwon-Ndung E.H.; Wuyep A. P.The evaluation of the molecular diversity of Acha (Digitaria sp.) was carried out using Microsatelite primer combinations specially designed forDigitaria exilis. The amplifiedmicrosatellite fragments were also used in the other species of Digitaria namely; Digitaria barbinodis and Digitaria iburua. DNA extraction was carried and Agarose Gel Electrophoresis was conducted on the restricted amplified DNA extracts using microsatellite primers developed for Digitaria exilis. RFLPs clearly suggest a distinct separation of the three species of Acha at the molecular level (D. iburua, D. exilis and D. barbinodis) demonstrating the extent of their genetic differences at the DNA level.Item In vitro evaluation of Carica papaya L. and Lantana camara L. extracts in the Control of Late blight of Potato caused by Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) De Bary(Agricultural Science Research, 2015) Amienyo, C. A. and Onunze, E. TIn vitro study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of two plant extracts of varying concentration in the control of late blight- causing fungal pathogen. Diseased leaves of Irish potato plants were collected from farms. The fungus was isolated from diseased potato leaf samples and identified using culture and morphological characteristics. The fungal species associated with the late blight of potato and subsequent rot was isolated and identified in this study as Phytophthora infestans Extracts of two plants namely: Carica papaya L. and Lantana camara L. were evaluated against Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary using three concentrations (20, 40 and 60g/l). Growth inhibition of the organisms varied with extract type and concentrations. Carica papaya extract was the most effective among the two extracts evaluated. It reduced the radial growth at 60g/l concentration to up to 75.29%. Lantana camara at 40g /l reduced the growth to the rate of 57.65%. There was significant difference in growth inhibition at (p<0.05) by the extract concentrations. The plant materials could serve as an alternative to synthetic fungicide in controlling late blight of potato and other rot inciting organisms.Item Economics of Small-Scale Broiler Production under Fadama III Project in Dutse Local Government Area, Jigawa State, Nigeria(Journal of Agricultural Economics, Extension & Social Sciences, 2018) Ahungwa , G.T; Badamasi , S.; Abdulkarim, A.The research was conducted to examine the economic viability of broiler production enterprise under Fadama III project scheme, with a view of economic diversification and investment opportunities in Dutse Local Government Area, Jigawa State. In pursuance of this objective, 50 registered broiler farmers were selected through stratified sampling technique in three council wards (Kudai, Modobi and Limawa) of Dutse LGA. Data collection was achieved through face to face questionnaire guided interview. Data were then analyzed using profitability and regression analyses. The profitability indices depict that variable cost accounted for about 54% of the total cost with the cost of feed representing 21% of variable cost. Nevertheless, a gross return of ₦198,170.00 and a net return of ₦23,545 were realized on the average, showing that every ₦1 invested returned ₦1.13, which proved that the enterprise is a profitable venture with promising returns on investment. The estimates of regression analysis show that day old chick, water supply, and labour were the most significant determinants of profitability margin of broiler enterprise in the area. Resource use efficiency reflected overutilization of labor, veterinary services and water while feed and day-old chicks were underutilized. It is recommended that increased stocking rate, reduced use of labour and reliance on the use of local materials for pen construction can greatly minimize cost of production.Item Analysis of Farmers’ Choice among Alternative Rice Output Markets in Kano State, Nigeria(Journal of Agricultural Economics, Extension & Social Sciences, 2018-05) Abdulrahman, S.,; Oladimeji, Y.U.,; Abdullahi, M. Y; Binuyo, G.; Abdullahi, M. M.The study analyzes the farmers’ choice among alternative rice output market in Kano State, Nigeria. Primary data were collected from 164 rice farmers with the aid of structured questionnaire. This study was conducted in three Local Government Areas of Kano State during 2015 cropping season. A multistage sampling procedure was employed for the study. Probit model was used to estimate the farmers’ choices among alternative rice output market outlets by rice farmers. The result shows majority (98%) of rice farmers are married; average age of 38 years with adjusted household size of 5. The estimated mean years of schooling of the respondents was 5 years, and largely skewed towards the non-formal education. The likelihood ratio was -113.401 and hence exceeds the critical chi-square values at p<0.01 level of significance. The Prob > chi2 was (50.03) and significant at p<0.01 level of probability. The probability of obtaining this chi-square statistic shows the effect of the predictor variables on specified alpha level. Farmers’ choices among alternative rice output market outlets was significantly determined by educational status, access to credit, cooperative membership, distance to market, quantity of output produced by the farmers and market price of rice (P<0.10). Based on the findings, it could be concluded that the most commonly used output markets was rural assembler (82.3%). Rural markets should be linked to the urban market to attract good value for rice products.Item Food Security Situations among Smallholder Farmers under Kogi Accelerated Rice Production Programme: A USDA Approach(Journal of Agricultural Economics, Extension & Social Science, 2018) Abdulazeez, R.O.; Musa, M. W.; Saddiq, N. M; Abdulrahman, S.; Oladimeji, Y. U.The study analyzed food security status of smallholder farmers under Kogi accelerated rice production program: a USDA approach. Primary data collected through multistage sampling procedure were obtained from 216 irrigated rice farmers randomly selected using the card method. Descriptive statistics and United State Development Agency (USDA) approach were employed. The results showed the mean age of household heads was 42 years, average household size of 4, and mean farming experience of 8 years. The USDA method categorizes households using a constructed food security scale. The result also revealed that the marginal effect of 0.477 shows that one extra year of education increases the probability of being food secured by 47.7%. Household size and household’s dependency ratio were found to be negative and statistically significant at p<0.1 and p<0.05 level of probability which signified an inverse relationship with household food security. Furthermore, an additional increase in the number of non-working member of household increases the food requirement of households thereby reducing the probability of food security. Income had positive influence on food security status and significant at p<0.10 level. The most widely used coping strategies by the farmers under Kogi Accelerated Rice Production Programmed in the state are purchased food on credit, restricted consumption of adults to allow more for children, reduced numbers of meal per day, sold household assets, begging and borrowing.Item Analysis of Environmental Factors Affecting Rural Livelihood Diversification among Rural Dwellers in Adamawa State, Nigeria(EPH - International Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Research, 2016-11) Donye, A. O.; Ani, A. O.; Bzugu, P. M.; Nuhu, H. S.This study analyzed the environmental factors affecting rural livelihood diversification in Adamawa State, Nigeria. The data used for the analysis were generated from 360 respondents, using multi-stage random sampling procedure. The analytical tools used were descriptive (frequencies and percentages) and inferential statistics (Tobit regression). The descriptive statistics were used in categorizing the respondents on the basis of their socio-economic characteristics. Tobit regression was employed to determine the environmental factors affecting livelihood diversification. The major findings were that: the frequency of natural disasters (X1) and season of the year (X5) were positive and significant for livelihood diversification at 5% level of significance. The number of natural resources (X3) available in an environment was positive and significant for livelihood diversification at 1% level of significance. The distance between state headquarters, local government headquarters and major towns (X2) and where a respondent lives was found to be not significant. Similarly, distance between markets (X4) and where a respondent lives was also found to be not significant for livelihood diversification. It was concluded that the number of natural disasters that occur and the number of natural resources available in the study area are strong factors that affect livelihood diversification. It was recommended, among others, that the prevailing environmental factors in a given area should be considered at the planning stages for any rural development or empowerment projects meant for livelihood diversification. Livelihood diversification opportunities should be made available and possible during dry season periods in the study area.