Faculty of Education

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A Comparative Study of Federal and State University Undergraduate Chemistry Students’ Performance on Paint Production Using a Developed Module in North Central Zone Nigeria
(The International Journal Of Humanities & Social Studies, 2017-07) Dr. Tabitha K. Delmang; Dr. Ephraim J. Gongden
The study compared undergraduate chemistry students’ performance in paint production using a developed entrepreneurial skill training module. It specifically compared the entire undergraduate chemistry students of Federal and State Universities in the North Central region of Nigeria on one hand and the male and female students on another hand. The objective was to assess the students’ ability to use the module successfully to produce paint and to assess their entrepreneurial skills. Nonrandomized post-test only quasi experimental design was employed to carry out the study. Two hundred and thirty-six (236) students were randomly selected for the study. Two instruments – chemistry lecturers’ rating scale (CLRS) and chemistry lecturers’ questionnaire (CLQ) were developed and used. Data were analyzed using t – test statistical tool. The results showed a significant difference (p = 0.016) between the mean scores of State and Federal University undergraduate chemistry students who were trained using the entrepreneurial skill training module for paint production in favor of the State Universities. There was also a significant difference (p = 0.000) between the mean scores of the male and female undergraduate chemistry students in both federal and state universities trained using the draft entrepreneurial skill training module on paint production. The study recommended the use of the developed entrepreneurial skill training module for the teaching of undergraduate chemistry students in Universities to enable them acquire entrepreneurial skills.
A Study of Academic Achievement of Nomadic Fulani Primary School Girls Having High and Low Achievement Motivation
(The Educational Psychologist, 2015-09-01) Beatrice Ahamdu Bahago; Onyachom Alexander Ogaga
The Study was geared toward examining the academic achievement of primary school nomadic Fulani girls having high and low achievement motivation. The sample comprised of 300 primary six nomadic Fulani girls from Adamawa State. The research tools used were Achievement Motivation Rating Scale and Nomadic Girls Achievement Test. Two research questions and hypotheses each guided the study. Mean and Standard deviation were used to answer the research questions, and t-test was used to test the hypotheses. The findings revealed that nomadic Fulani girls with high achievement motivation perform better in academic achievement than the students having low achievement motivation.
ACHIEVING INCLUSIVE EDUCATION FOR CHILDREN WITH SPECIAL NEEDS AT THE PRIMARY SCHOOL LEVEL IN NIGERIA
(Journal of Childhood and Primary Education, 2005) Yakwal, S. M.; Oriade M. N.; Dala B. G.
The paper attempts to examine the possibility of achieving inclusive education for special needs children at the primary school level in Nigeria. It casts a search light on the concept, rationale and philosophy of inclusive education as well as identifies the beneficiaries of this kind of arrangement in the Nigerian context. The paper further examine the areas that adequate attention must be paid for the achievement of successful inclusion in educational arrangements for special needs children at the primary school level. Finally, it mentions some of the benefits of achieving inclusive education for special needs children and concludes that achieving inclusive education for special needs children at the primary school level in Nigeria is attainable and must be vigorously pursued for the growth and development of the country.
An Appraisal of Health and Safety of Construction Sites Workforce within Jos, Plateau State
(International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology, 2019-05) Yahaya Ajalah M.; Zakka Paul W.; Oyemogum I. M; Mangvwat Joshua S.; Ishaya A. A; Sulisma Yipam B.; Bang Dachollom P.
The significance of producing harmless work environment has been recapped in several connected research articles owing to the inherent risk and hazard that lie beneath every work position and their undesirable effect on a firm’s general performance. It is against this scenario that this article evaluated the dangers and constraints of health and safety planning on construction sites in Jos. The paper identified some health and safety challenges inherent on such building sites. A total of 100 structured questionnaires were distributed among selected construction sites in Jos, Plateau State. The statistical tools employed for analysis are the percentage method, ranking method and computation of relative index. The results showed that the top three health and safety challenges inherent in construction sites in descending order are pain due to manual labour with relative index of 0.90, followed by stress experienced by site workers with relative index 0.86 and stepping or kicking abandoned objects with relative index 0.83 experienced by site workers. It also showed that the observance of health and safety practices on construction sites in Jos are very poor and hence leads to a very high occurrence of accidents. Similarly, the top three constraints to the adoption of health and safety plan are low level of literacy among the general population with relative index 0.90, lack of training of employee with relative index 0.86 and lack of funds for prompt treatment of sites workers with relative index 0.84. The study concluded that health and safety plan in construction activities should be propagated through sensitization programs at National level and other forums where professional bodies in partnership with government departments can enlighten contractors about the importance of health and safety culture in their work places in a bid to reduce risks and accidents.
An Assessment of Internet Utilisation in Selected Agricultural Colleges of Plateau State, Nigeria.
(INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND APPLIED RESEARCH, IJSAR, 2016-01) Akpokodje Edore; Akpokodje Vera
The study investigated the patterns of Internet use among students of agriculture in some selected colleges of agriculture in Plateau State, Nigeria. A well-structured questionnaire was distributed among the 128 Higher National Diploma (HND) students of agriculture in colleges of agriculture in Plateau State. Questionnaires were given out to students using a simple random sampling technique. Simple frequency tables were used to analyze the data collected. A t-test and correlation were also performed on the data. The present study demonstrates and elaborates the various aspects of Internet use such as; most frequently used place for internet use, purpose for which the Internet is used, use of Internet services, problems faced by users and satisfaction level of users with Internet facility provided in the colleges. The study results revealed that 78.1% of the respondents had used the Internet for research, 45.3% had accessed the Internet at a cyber café, slow access speed had been the major problem faced by users (48.8%), students within the age group of 20 to 25 years had spent more time on the Internet than other age categories (43.8%), majority of the respondents utilized the World Wide Web service of the Internet (50.8%) and there is significant association (perfectly positive relationship) between Internet facility, awareness and Internet use. Some suggestions have been put forth to make the service more beneficial for the academic community of agricultural colleges under study.
ANALYSIS OF EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION FOR CHILDREN WITH SPECIAL NEEDS IN NIGERIA
(NATIONAL JOURNAL OF INCLUSIVE EDUCATION, 2015-07) Gaji Fatima Dantata Ph.D
The study investigated the situation of special early childhood education programme in Nigeria. This involved an appraisal of the programme which focused on the major components such as; availability of special early childhood education programme itself; significant roles of specialists in the provision of services, and existing potentialities in the provision of special early childhood education in the country. Three research questions were stated for the study. A descriptive survey was adopted to ascertain the position regarding the programme setting and establishment of ECCDE sections in public schools. The population of the study includes every nursery school located in the public school setting. The special nursery preschool provisions in the states visited automatically inform the research sample. A test –retest validity was established for ECESQ and a coefficient value of 0.71 was obtained, confirming the applicability of the instruments. Descriptive statistical analysis was used, which were in the form of calculation of percentages and ratios. Findings indicate that services for children with special needs are very scarce and almost unnoticeable in Nigeria, and almost exclusive private entrepreneurship of the minimal services available. There is, however, potential base for the development of early special needs education programmes. The findings have relevant implications for the establishment of special early childhood education in Nigeria.
Analysis of Questioning Pattern and Validity of Secondary School Geography Teachers in Mangu Local Government Area of Plateau State
(Journal of Educational Studies, 2009) Dickson, s. Dakur
The purpose of the paper was to analyse the evaluation questions of geography teachers as contained in their lesson plans. in terms of how well they cover the objectives of the lesson and the types and forms of the question with respect to Blooms (/964) and Franenkel (/973) classifications. The simple random sampling was employed to select the lesson plans of twenty-one geography teachers of the study area from a sample frame of thirty-eight teachers. which served as the sole instrument used for data collection for the study. The statistical techniques of proportion. chi-square and Pearson product moment correlation coefficient were used for the analysis of the data. The result of the analysis revealed that while a large number of the teachers asked appropriate and adequate questions. majority of them could not ask diverse questions. Moreso, those who asked appropriate questions. such questions were not necessarily adequate. Thus. no significant relationship existed between the appropriateness and adequacy of the evaluation questions of the teachers. Most of them were able to ask both low and high level questions with a slight difference between qualification groups. Appropriate recommendations were therefore made based on these findings.
ANALYSIS OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS' ACHIEVEMENT IN SENIOR SECONDARY CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION.PHYSICS IN JOS METROPOLIS, PLATEAU STATE
(Journal Science, Mathematics and Technology Education (JOSMA, 2019) Inyang, Uwem Sunday, Umaru, Mohammed Gwamna, Macmillan Mafulul Josiah (Mstan)
The purpose of this study was to compare the achievement of students in Senior Secondary School Certfficate Examinations (SSCE) in physics as conducted by the West African Examinations Council (WAEC) and the National Examinations Council (NECO) in Jos metropolis, Plateau State. Survey research design of the ex-post facto type was adopted for the study. The study was carried out using private and public senior secondary schools in Jos metropolis which were purposively sampled. Randomly selected 450 candidates, from a population of 3,465, constituted the sample for the study. •The instrument for the collection of data was the WAEC and NECO Results Pro forma (WANERP) designed by the researchers and validated by two experts. WANERP was used to collect data of May/June WAEC and June/July NECO SSCE in physics for four years (2013 — 2016). Two research questions and three hypotheses guided the study. The research questions were answered using mean and standard deviation while the hypotheses were tested using the t-test statistics at 0.05 level of significance. The results revealed that there was significant difference in the candidates' achievement in WAEC and NECO SSCE physics, and school type (public and the private school) had significant influence in the candidates' achievement in both WAEC and NECO SSCE physics. It was recommended among others that that physics teachers should attached importance to skillful and full coverage of physics syllabus before candidates are presented for external examinations such as WAEC and NECO SSCE.
Application of extracts of Henna (Lawsonia inamis) leaves as a counter stain
(African Journal of Microbiology Research, 2011-10-09) Chukwu O. O. C.; Odu C. E.; Chukwu D. I.; Hafiz N.; Chidozie V. N.; Onyimba I. A.
Aqueous (cold and hot) and ethanol extracts solutions of the Henna plant (Lawsonia inamis) leaves was adapted for the first time as a counter stain in Gram staining reaction. Different extracts of L. inamis leaves were formulated into various staining solutions of different concentrations and modified with hydrogen peroxide, ferric chloride, potassium alum and potassium permanganate. These staining solutions were used to stain both known Gram positive and Gram negative bacterial isolates using Gram staining technique. The experimental Henna plant extracts solutions were used with usual counter stains (neutral red, safranine and dilute carbol fuchsin) as positive controls. Phytochemical screening of the extracts revealed the presence of tannin (hennatonic acid or Lawsone) and saponin. The aqueous extracts of the Henna plant (cold and hot) oxidized with potassium permanganate (pH 7.00 to 7.16) gave a better staining reaction with Gram negative bacteria, while the ethanol extract oxidized with potassium permanganate (pH 6.55) had no staining reaction with Gram negative bacteria. Hence the aqueous Henna leaves extracts (cold or hot) when oxidized with potassium permanganate can be a substitute to the usual counter stains used in Gram staining procedure. The results of staining ability of the various henna leaves extracts solutions are discussed.
Assessment of the Effects of Cucumis Metuliferus Fruits Alkaloids against Aewcastle disease Virus‑LaSota
(Wolters Kluwer - Medknow, 2016-12-25) Anyanwu Anne A.; Jimam Nanloh S.; Wannang Noel N.
Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the antiviral activity of the Cucumis metuliferus alkaloids against Newcastle disease virus‑LaSota (NDV‑L). Methods: Hemagglutination (HA) test method using embryonated eggs for study. Results: The result showed “nonlethality” of the alkaloids in 10 days old embryonated eggs. Exposure of the alkaloids to NDV‑L infected embryonated eggs showed negative HA test result from varying 2‑fold diluted concentration between 50 and 3.125 mg/ml of the alkaloid, while the concentration between 1.563 and 0.195 mg/ml gave positive HA test. Negative HA response means the alkaloids at that concentration have antiviral activities while positive HA test implies the presence of antibodies production in response to an antigen as seen with the control, meaning that viral replication was not inhibited when the embryonated eggs were exposed to lower doses of the alkaloids. Conclusion: The study showed that the alkaloids of C. metuliferus fruit pulp extract have good margin of safety with a high level of antiviral properties as confirmed by the result of the HA test.
Assessment of the knowledge and attitude of Jos residents toward the prevention and treatment of fever.
(Medical Journal of Dr. D.Y. Patil University, 2019-09-04) Jimam S. Nanloh, Galam Z. Nanyak1 , Dangiwa A. Dauda
Background: A fever is a temporary increase in the body temperature, indicating that something out of the ordinary is going on in the body. Fever is a common sign of changes in the body of patients and a common cause of hospital visits, especially for children. Occurrence of fever in most cases is due to self-limiting viral infection or serious bacterial or other microbial infections. Aim: The study is aimed at assessing the current level of knowledge and attitudes of Jos residents about what fever is all about, its treatment and prevention. Materials and Methods: The study was cross-sectional in design, which involved a two-stage cluster random sampling procedure. Jos is divided into districts and in each districts, the area was broken down to sub-districts from which three zones where selected; based on population within the selected zones, households were randomly numbered and houses assigned odd number were identified. A semi structured interviewer questionnaire was then administered to the respondents and the finally filled questionnaires were then retrieved and analyzed using the SPSS version 20.0 software programmer. Result: Out of the 400 respondents, 66.5% falls within the age range of 21-49 years with females constituting 56.5% of the study population. Educationally, 45.9% of the respondents had completed secondary schools while 39.6% had bachelor degree. 67.2% of the respondents agreed that malaria was the common conditions that come with fever, followed by typhoid fever (19%). 26.5% of the respondents agreed that personal preventive/environmental hygiene remain the mainstay when it comes to fever prevention, with 26.5% also believing that the use of pesticides/rodenticides was another preventive measure, whereas 20.6% agreed that chemoprophylaxis was another option. Conclusion: The study showed that the residence of Jos had good knowledge of conditions that are associated with fever and its management, which might be due to the literacy levels of the study population; there is still need to improve their knowledge on the other conditions that comes with fever and their preventive measures.
Bacterial and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Urinary Tract Infection Isolated from Asymptomatic and Symptomatic Diabetic Patients Attending Tertiary Hospital in Jos, Nigeria
(Trends in Medicine, 2017) Anejo-Okopi Joseph Aje; Okojokwu Ocheme Julius; Seljul Mamzhi-Crown Ramyil; Bakwe Panshak Barnabas; Okechalu Juliet; Agada Godwin; Bassi Paul Amos; Adeniyi Segun David
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection caused by the presence and growth of microorganisms in the urinary tract. In most cases empirical antimicrobial treatment is usually initiated before the laboratory results are made available; hence the need for antibiotic susceptibility test to enhance management of UTI. The study was designed to determine the bacterial profile and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of urinary tract bacteria isolated from symptomatic and asymptomatic diabetic patients at Bingham University Teaching Hospital Jos. 100 mid-stream urine samples (app. 20 mls) were aseptically collected into sterile containers after informed consent of diabetic patients of ages 20 years and above were analyzed at Central Diagnostic Laboratory NVRI Vom. The isolates were identified using standard bacteriological techniques after been cultured on MacConkey and CLED agars. Antibiotic sensitivity testing was done in accordance with NCCLS disc diffusion methods. The results were then analyzed using chi square test. Of the 100 urine samples, different bacterial uropathogens were isolated, with a prevalence of 40%. The bacteria isolates were; Coagulase negative Staphylococci (CNS) (37.5%), Escherichia coli (24%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (12.5%), Staphylococcus aureus (15%) and Streptococcus spp (10%). Esherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were highly resistant to most antibiotics used, while coagulase negative staphylococci, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus spp were highly sensitive to most antibiotics used in this study. Self-medication including antibiotics is clearly a major culprit. Behavioral Change Communication to all stake holders is increased to cover all radio and TV stations in the state. In addition, investigations (routine microscopy, culture and sensitivity of urine) be completed before treatment is commenced in order to mitigate acquisition and spread of drug resistance by bacteria.
Bio-Ethanol Production from Banana, Plantain and Pineapple Peels by Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation Process
(International Journal of Environmental Science and Development, 2013-04) Itelima J.; Onwuliri F.; Onwuliri E.; Isaac Onyimba,; Oforji S.
Most nations, whether economically advanced or at different stages of development are faced with the problem of disposal and treatment of wastes. Wastes could be treated in several ways (e.g. by reducing its bulk or by recovering and reprocessing it into useful substance) to meet sanitary standards. Ethanol fermented from renewable sources for fuel or fueladditives are known as bio-ethanol. In Nigeria, many food crops have been specifically grown for the production of bio-ethanol. However, bio-ethanol production from waste materials removed from fruits is very rare. In the present study, wastes from fruits such as banana, plantain and pineapple peels which are in abundance and do not interfere with food security were subjected to simultaneous saccharification and fermentation for 7days by co–culture of Aspergillus niger and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biomass yield, cell dry weight, reducing sugar concentration and the ethanol yield were determined at 24 hours interval. The results of the study showed that after 7 days of fermentation, pineapple peels had the highest biomass yield of 1.89 (OD), followed by banana peels 1.60 (OD), while plantain peels had the least 0.98 (OD). The reducing sugar concentrations ranged between 0.27 – 0.94 mg/cm3 for pineapple, 0.20 – 0.82 mg/cm3 for banana and 0.16 – 0.45 mg/cm3 The optimal ethanol yields were 8.34% v/v, 7.45 % v/v and 3.98 % v/v for pineapple, banana and plantain peels respectively. These indicate that pineapple and banana peels ethanol yields were significantly higher (P<0.05) than plantain peel ethanol yield. The findings of this study suggest that wastes from fruits that contain fermentable sugars can no longer be discarded into our environment, but should be converted to useful products like bio-ethanol that can serve as alternative energy source.
Carrot (Daucus carrota), Garlic (Allium sativum) and Ginger (Zingiber officinale) Extracts as Bacteria Selective Agents in Culture Media
(African Journal of Microbiology Research, 2011-12-23) Chukwu O. O. C; Odu C. E.; Chukwu I. D.; Chidozie V. N.; Onyimba I. A.; Bala Z.
Extracts of carrot, garlic and ginger as selective agents in basal bacteriological media were carried out on Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 15313, Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 2522, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 using a standard method. Ethanolic extracts, aqueous cold and hot extracts of the experimental plant products were made at the concentration of 200 mg/ml (2 g/10 ml). The ethanolic extracts inhibited the growth of all the test bacterial isolates. The cold aqueous extracts of garlic had inhibitory effects on the S. aureus and L. monocytogenes bacterial isolates but selectively allowed the growth of E. coli. The hot aqueous extract of ginger had no effect on any of the test bacteria. The hot garlic extract selectively allowed the growth of L. monocytogenes and E. coli. Phytochemical analysis of the carrots, garlic and ginger contained saponnin, resins, alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids and terpenes in varied proportions. We assume these products may have influenced the actions of the extracts on the test organisms. The results of this preliminary study suggest that aqueous extracts of carrots, garlic and ginger when incorporated in appropriate concentrations can serve as alternative selective agents in bacteriological culture media for bacterial isolation from highly contaminated biological specimens or separation of mixed cultures of bacteria in the laboratory.
Contaminants In Local Alcoholic Beverages: Zinc And Manganese Contamination
(International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 2008) S. Y. Gazuwa; J. D. Dabak; G. A. Ubom
Abstract The Extent Of Leaching Of Zinc (Zn) And Manganese (Mn) From The Vessels Used During The Preparation Of Two Local Alcoholic Drinks, Pito And Burukutu Has Been Assessed. Leaching Of These Metals During The Four Phases Of Fermentation Was Monitored By Determining The Levels Of The Metals In Each Phase Using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric Technique; In Each Complete Fermentation Protocol, Metallic Or Clay Container Was Used. Contamination Appeared To Be Due To The Fermentation Process, Container Used Or A Combination Of The Two. Comparatively, There Was Increase In The Levels Of These Metals From The Initial To The Final Phase Of Fermentation For Both Types Of Vessels; In Each Case, Appropriate Controls Were Used. Compared To Control Values, The Average Increase In The Level Of Zinc In Burukutu And Pito For Metallic And Clay Containers Is 343%; 325% And 295%; 252% Respectively; Whereas For Manganese The Increases Are 815%; 1438% And 1292%; 1150% In That Order. The Differences In The Levels Of These Metals Among The Phases In Each Of The Drinks Were Significant (P<0.05)
Contraceptive use among women of child bearing age in two Muslim communities in JOS-North, Plateau State, Nigeria
(Atom and Cell Publishers, 2015) Benjamin Nasara Joseph*1, Maxwell Longji.Patrick Dapar1 , Fatima Ibrahim Muhammad 2 , Dauda Audi Dangiwa1 , Shalkur David1 , Nanloh Samuel Jimam
With a fertility rate of 5.7 and population growth rate of 2.6; Nigeria is yet to achieve the fertility rate of 4 children per woman fifteen years after the 2000 set time. This study assessed contraceptive prevalence rate and birth interval practices among women of child bearing age; it examined the effects of culture, religion and knowledge on contraceptive uptake. A cross-sectional study conducted among 288 women at Angwan-Rogo and Angwan-Rimi Muslim communities of Jos-North, Plateau State, Nigeria. The study found a contraceptive prevalence rate of 33% among women 15-49 years with married women accounting for only 13% compared to single women. About 80% of participants were sexually active; only 28% used modern contraceptives in their last sexual intercourse while one-third (33%) ever had deliberate abortion. Over 70% of respondents have their first child at the age of 15-20 years; 55% of them have co-wives, about half of them have 1-4 children while about 30% have 5-12 children per woman. Early marriage and early motherhood has cultural and religious origin that can be influenced by education and awareness. This study found a low contraceptive uptake corresponding with high sexual activity, low birth interval, high parity and polygyny.
Design and Performance Analysis of Log Periodic Dipole Antenna at Uhf Band.
(IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (IOSR-JECE), 2012-10) Ogherohwo E. P.; Adeniran A. O.
Abstract: The paper described the design and performance analysis of log periodic dipole antenna at frequency 1800MHz -2500MHz (Ultra High Frequency Band), the antenna has been modeled using ADS layout and the S parameter was presented. A good impedance match in a wide frequency range has been achieved by a suitable choice of the antenna feeder impedance. The radiation pattern, Directivity, Return loss, Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) and Gain are in accordance with the desired valuesare presented.
DESIGN OF A RENEWABLE ENERGY OUTPUT PREDICTION SYSTEM FOR 1000mW SOLAR-WIND HYBRID POWER PLANT.
(INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH SCIENCE & MANAGEMENT, 2015) Ogherohwo E.P; Barnabas.B; Alemika.T.E
Problems associated with non-renewable energy sources such as fossil fuels make it necessary to move to cleaner renewable energy sources such as wind and solar. But the wind and sun are both intermittent sources of energy therefore accurate forecasts of wind and solar power are necessary to ensure the safety, stability and economy of utilizing these resources in large scale power generation. In this study, five meteorological parameters namely Temperature, Rainfall, Dew Point, Relative Humidity and Cloud Cover were collected for the year 2012 and used to predict wind and solar power output in Jos, Nigeria. The study used prediction algorithms such as Regression techniques and Artificial Neural Networks to predict the output of a 1000mW Solar-Wind Hybrid Power Plant over a period of one year. Individual prediction techniques were compared and Isotonic Regression was found to have the highest accuracy with errors of 40.5% in predicting solar power generation and 35.4% in predicting wind power generation. The relatively high levels of error are attributed to several limitations of the research work.
Development and Validation of a Hybrid Active Learning Strategy for Teaching Direct Current Electricity Concepts for Secondary Schools in Nigeria
(International Journal for Innovation Education and Research, 2015-08) Uche Connie Ofodile; Mangut Mankilik
The study was carried out to develop and validate a Hybrid Active Learning Strategy (HALS) for teaching direct current electricity concepts (DCEC) in physics for secondary schools in Nigeria. The relevant literature reviewed revealed that the inappropriate use of relevant teaching strategies and the non-use of modern innovative technology in the teaching of physics result in lack of better understanding of concepts and hence, the poor performance of students in physics. In view of this, the HALS package which is a combination of active learning strategies including computer simulation was developed to help teachers to be more effective and students to understand DCEC concepts better. The developmental platform for the package is Microsoft visual basic 6. Other applications used during the design process include Adobe (macromedia) Director, Flash 8, Fireworks and Flash Player for animation, construction and display. The validation of HALS Package was done applying: subject content validation, computer expert validation, educational technology expert validation, personalized validation and group validation. The HALS package is generally perceived as very educative, comprehensive, adequate, relevant, user friendly and loaded with a lot of ingenuity.
Development and validation of instrument for assessing patients’ knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) on uncomplicated malaria management
(Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 2019-06) Jimam Nanloh S.; Nahlah E. Ismail; Dapar Maxwell L. P.
Objectives: To develop and validate patients’ knowledge, attitudes, and practice instrument for uncomplicated malaria (PKAPIUM). Material and Methods: A draft PKAPIUM scale was developed after the review of relevant literature and malaria treatment guidelines, and six experts validated its content. Monte Carlo simulation principle was followed in arriving at 300 patients populations whose data were used to reduce the items based on “Kaiser’s eigenevalue-greater-than-one rule.” This was followed by the test of validity and reliability to assess the psychometric properties of the instrument. Results: The items content validity indices (I-CVI) and the scale CVI (S-CVI) using universal agreement (UA) within experts (S-CVI/UA) and average CVI (S-CVI/Ave) approaches were good (0.8–1.00), with absence of items’ floor or ceiling effects. Twenty-one items were retained in the new scale arranged under four factors with average varianc extracted (AVE) and square root AVE values of 0.58–0.70 and 0.76–0.84, respectively, suggesting convergent and discriminant validities. The goodness-of-fit results [Chi-square (CMIN/DF) = 3.07, p = 0.00], standardized root mean square residual = 0.070, root mean square error approximation = 0.08 confirmed the hypothesized factor structures of the scale whose internal consistency of Cronbach’s alpha and composite reliability values were 0.74 and 0.82, respectively, and stability of ICC = 0.92 [95% confidence interval : 0.87–0.95, F = 43 (p = 0.51)].Conclusion: The validity and reliability of the PKAPIUM were in acceptable ranges.