Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
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Item Comparative assessment of Directly Observed Treatment Short-course (DOTS) for tuberculosis patients in a primary and a tertiary health centre in Nigeria(Journal of PHARMACY AND BIORESOURCES, 2015-03) Benjamin N. Joseph; Comfort N. Sariem; Dauda A. Dangiwa; Shalkur David; Sunday I. Joseph; Daniel Z. EgahAbstract Nasarawa State, Nigeria has HIV prevalence of 7.5%. This is capable of fueling and worsening the tuberculosis/HIV epidemic. This study compared TB treatment outcomes between a primary health care and a tertiary health center; it assessed the overlap between TB and HIV. A cross-sectional retrospective design was adopted. Data from the directly observed treatment register for 15 months was abstracted from both facilities. A total of 1678 TB patients files were assessed; the tertiary health center accounted for 33% of the TB population while the primary health care center represented two-thirds. Of the 75% of TB patients who had HIV testing, about 48% were HIV positive. Primary health care facility achieved statistically significant outcomes in cured (43%) representing 86.8% of cured outcome within program, p-value 0.000; treatment completed of 46.1% representing 60.4%, p-value 0.000; and had the least case of treatment default, 1.7% which accounted for 18%, p-value 0.000 while the tertiary health facility attained better outcomes in treatment failure and death rates p-value 0.013 and 0.033 respectively. With an overall successful treatment outcome of about 84%; the primary health care center recorded successful treatment outcome of 89% compared to tertiary health facility which achieved 73%. The overlap between TB and HIV was high. Comparatively, treatment outcomes were significantly better at primary health center.Item Contraceptive use among women of child bearing age in two Muslim communities in JOS-North, Plateau State, Nigeria(World Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2015-06-02) Benjamin Nasara Joseph; Maxwell Longji.Patrick Dapar; Fatima Ibrahim Muhammad; Dauda Audi Dangiwa; Shalkur David; Nanloh Samuel JimamWith a fertility rate of 5.7 and population growth rate of 2.6; Nigeria is yet to achieve the fertility rate of 4 children per woman fifteen years after the 2000 set time. This study assessed contraceptive prevalence rate and birth interval practices among women of child bearing age; it examined the effects of culture, religion and knowledge on contraceptive uptake. A cross-sectional study conducted among 288 women at Angwan-Rogo and Angwan-Rimi Muslim communities of Jos-North, Plateau State, Nigeria. The study found a contraceptive prevalence rate of 33% among women 15-49 years with married women accounting for only 13% compared to single women. About 80% of participants were sexually active; only 28% used modern contraceptives in their last sexual intercourse while one-third (33%) ever had deliberate abortion. Over 70% of respondents have their first child at the age of 15-20 years; 55% of them have co-wives, about half of them have 1-4 children while about 30% have 5-12 children per woman. Early marriage and early motherhood has cultural and religious origin that can be influenced by education and awareness. This study found a low contraceptive uptake corresponding with high sexual activity, low birth interval, high parity and polygyny.Item Breast cancer in Jos, Nigeria: An audit on knowledge, attitude, and practices(2017-02-21) Nanloh S. Jimam; Shalkur David; Gboluwaga O. EjisunObjectives: The main purpose of the study was to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of women concerning breast cancer in Jos and environs. Methods: A semi‑structured questionnaire was administered to 400 respondents within the age of 18 years and above residing in Jos North and South Local Government Areas of Plateau state. The data collected were then analyzed using the IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20.0 software programmer. Results: Out of the 400 study populations, only 395 (98.8%) responded to the study and 209 (53.0%) of them fall within the age 18–27 years while 89 (22.6%) were within 28 and 37 years, with only 17.8% and 6.6% in the age groups of 38–47 and ≥48 years, respectively. Two hundred and twenty (55.6%) were single, 153 (38.8%) married, while 8 (2.3%) divorced/separated, and 11 (2.8%) were widowed. The highest number (172 [43.7%]) of the respondents had secondary certificates as their highest academic qualifications, followed by diploma/ The Nigeria Certificate in Education/Community Health Extension Workers (25.1%) and first degree (20.8%). Nearly 95% of the respondents have heard of breast cancer, with 30.94% of them having knowledge of the risk factors, 59.9% knew the signs and symptoms of the disease, and their main source of information (35.8%) was the media. Most of the respondents had positive attitude toward the disease, but their cancer breast screening practices were generally poor as majority of them (47.1%) had no idea of the right age to initiate self‑breast examination, with majority (28.4%) confessing not practicing self‑breast examination very often, neither visiting medical practitioner for breast cancer examination and care. Conclusion: The result of this study shows positive attitudes of the respondents toward the disease though high percentage of them had poor knowledge on risk factors and average knowledge of the signs and symptoms of the disease, in addition to poor breast self‑examination practices. Key Words: Breast cancer, knowledge, attitudes, and practices, risk factors, self‑breast examination