Science Laboratory Technology

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    Occurrence of Gastrointestinal Parasitic Associated with Exotic Dogs in Commercial Breeding Mills in Jos Metropolis-Nigeria
    (Academic Research Publishing Group, 2019) Amapu T. Y.; Latu M. Y.; Dapiya H. S.; Pam K. V.; Job M. O.; Dawen D. E.; Brengshak S. B.; Ajang Y.; Hero G. U.; Dingmun P. J.; Okojokwu O. J.
    In Nigeria, there has been an increasing trend towards establishing puppy mills for commercial breeding of exotic dogs. This study determined gastrointestinal parasites associated with exotic dogs of the existing puppy mills in Jos Metropolis Nigeria. A total of 150 dogs’ fresh fiscal samples were collected from 25 different puppy mills and examined using formol ether and floatation concentration techniques. Data on risks factors variables of dogs’ age, number of dogs per kernel kennel type, nature of food and history of antiparasitic drugs usage were collected from the breeders using predesigned questionnaire. The result revealed an overall prevalence of 71.33% intestinal parasitic burden among the dogs. Chi square (χ2) analysis showed association (p< 0.05) between breeds of dogs and occurrence of parasites. The gastrointestinal parasites associated were most prevalent dogs in Neapolitan mastiff (86.36%) followed by Rottweiler (75.70%) and German Shepherd (57.14%) was the least infected Predominantly, a total of seven (7) species of intestinal parasites; Ancylostoma caninum (28.00%) Dipylidium caninum (23.33%), Toxocara canis (14.00%), Trichuris vulpis (11.33%), Taenia sp. (5.33%) Giardia sp. (7.33%) and Coccidia sp. (5.33%) were identified. Among different gastrointestinal parasitic infections, occurrence of Ancylostoma caninum (28.00%) was highest, followed by Dipylidium caninum (23.33%). Multiple parasitic infections among positive dogs sampled were observed, however, risk factors variables did not (p > 0.05) affect parasitic infection. Age based gastrointestinal parasitic infection peak (77.78%) was reported among 7 9 months old and decreased with ages of dogs The result showed no significant difference in prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites among age groups of the dogs (χ2 = 2.616, d.f. = 5, P = 0.624). This trend implies that puppies of younger age groups had higher prevalence and tendency for infection with gastrointestinal parasites than their older counterparts.This study provides baseline data on the spectrum of intestinal parasitic infection of exotic dogs in commercial puppy mills in Jos-Nigeria. Therefore, the phenomenon could represent an important health threat and needs to be regulated, so that breeders adhere to hygiene practices and veterinary guidelines. This will serve as an approach to reduce the tendency of increasing intestinal parasitic burden of local dogs as well as eliminate emergent zoonotic intestinal parasites in the dogs.
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    Antibiogram of Bacteria Isolated from Locally Processed Cow Milk Products Sold in Keffi Metropolis, Nasarawa State, Nigeria
    (Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare, 2014) Makwin Danladi Makut; Mary Azumi Nyam; Tarfena Yoila Amapu; Abbul-Mutalib Ahmed
    An investigation was conducted to determine the antibiogram of bacterial species isolated from locally processed cow milk products sold in Keffi metropolis, Nasarawa state, Nigeria. Samples of the cow milk products, Raw milk, Nono, Kindrimo, and Manshanu, were each collected in triplicates from ten different sales locations in Keffi, and analyzed using standard bacteriological methods. Pour plate technique was employed for the isolation of bacteria from these cow milk products. The isolates were identified using cultural, morphological and biochemical methods, and thereafter the antibiotic susceptibility of each isolate was determined by modified Kirby Bauer diffusion method. Bacterial counts for Raw milk, Nono, Kindrimo and Manshanu were respectively in the range of 3.2×10^8 - 6.9×10^8, 8.1× 108 - 2.70×10^9, 7.3×10^8 – 9.8.×10^9 and 5.8×10^8 - 5.2×10^9. The bacterial species isolated were Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp, Streptococcus spp. and E. coli with overall occurrence frequencies of 50%, 20%, 17.5% and 12.5%, respectively. E. coli was highly resistant to Septrin (80.2%), Sarfloxacin (75.3%) and Erythromycin (90.2%). Salmonella species was also highly resistant to Septrin (71.4%), Chloramphenicol (71.4%), Sparfloxacin (85.7%) and Erythromycin (71.4%). Similarly, Staphylococcus aureus was highly resistant to Septrin (75%), Chloramphenicol (75.4%), Sparfloxacin (87.5%), Amoxacillin (75.4%) and Augmentin (87.5%), while Streptococcus spp was highly resistant to Chloramphenicol (80.1%), Sparfloxacin (80.1%) and Augmentin (80%). These isolates may have developed resistance due to indiscriminate and frequent use of antibiotics which has now put the consumers of these milk products at risk of being infected with antibiotic resistant strains of pathogenic bacteria.
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    Abundance and Diversity of Mosquito Species Larvae in Shendam LGA, Plateau State, North-Central Nigeria: A Panacea for Vector Control Strategy
    (Journal of Zoological Research, 2019) Lapang, P. M.; Ombugadu, A.; Ishaya, M; Mafuyai, M. J; Njila, H. L.; Nkup, C. D; Mwansat G. S.
    The breeding of mosquitoes takes place in various habitat types. Some breed in natural habitats while others prefer artificial breeding sites where they mature to adult mosquitoes which are haematophagous in nature and are vectors of diseases in which some are either anthropomorphic or zoophilic. Thus, this study investigated the abundance and diversity of mosquito species larvae in Shendam LGA, Plateau State, North-Central Nigeria as a panacea for vector control strategy in relation to their habitat types and gradients to houses. The selected habitats were surveyed weekly between August and October, 2014 across five communities. A total of 1,700 mosquitoes larvae of variable instars were collected and reared to adults in which 1,241 successfully emerged as adults comprising of four genera namely: Anopheles (38.92%), Culex (60.11%), Aedes (0.81%) and Mansonia (0.16%), and a total of fifteen species were identified of which Anopheles spp. were 6, Culex spp. 5, Aedes spp. 3 and Mansonia species 1. Culex quinquefasciatus and Anopheles gambiae were the most abundant species. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in larval abundance between anopheline and culicine groups. The abundance of anopheline larvae in relation to habitats types showed significant difference (P < 0.05) while no significant difference (P > 0.05) was recorded in abundance of culicine larvae across habitats. There was significant variation (P < 0.05) in mosquitoes abundance in relation to locations. Anopheline breed far away from houses and there was a significant difference (P < 0.05) in their abundance in relation to gradients. Culicine breed close to houses but there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in their abundance in relation to gradients. Rice paddy was the most productive habitat type. The results of this study depicts high species abundance and relatively low diversity but a high larval breeding index due to enabling environment that has been created by anthropogenic activities which may result in serious threat of mosquito-borne diseases among the inhabitants of the selected communities in Shendam LGA, Plateau State. Implementing a larviciding strategy in most especially rice paddy during the wet season is presumably the most cost-effective strategy to consider.