Faculty of Natural Sciences
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Item A SURVEY OF ORNAMENTAL PLANTS IN BAUCHI ROAD CAMPUS, UNIVERSITY OF JOS, NIGERIA.(Scientia Africana, 2011-06) Ochekwu, E.B, Nwadiaro, P.O, Mark, N and Yabrade, M.The survey of ornamental plant on the Bauchi road campus of the University of Jos was conducted. The research was carefully carried out on the field, and the various plants species were assessed thereafter, samples were collected and taken to international institute of tropical agriculture (IITA), herbarium for proper identification. Twenty three (23) ornamental plants, belonging to seventeen (17) families were identified in the course of this study. The family Liliaceae was most dominant and evenly distributed on the campus, while the family Piperaceae was list dominant. The ornamental plants identified are exotic species, while a few of the plants are native of Jos metropolis. Although, the basic reasons for the cultivation of ornamental plants on the campus is for beautification these species were observed to play other important roles such as spot of recreation and relaxation, as wind break and for research purpose.Item Radioactivity in Some Food Crops from High Background Radiation Area on the Jos –Plateau, Nigeria(Journal of Natural Sciences Research, 2012) D.I.Jwanbot1*, M.M. Izam2 and G.G. NyamThe activity Concentration of 40K, 226Ra and 228Th were determined in the food crops on the Jos Plateau using γ-ray spectrometry. The activity concentration of the natural radionuclide in the food crops lied between 12.36 ± 0.82 and 56.92 ± 8.84Bq/Kg for 40K,(1.46 ± 0.05 to 10.42 ± 0.04) Bq/Kg for 226Ra and from (1.53 ± 0.08 to 6.85 ± 0.42) Bq/Kg for 228Th. These relativity high values for the activity concentrations maybe attributed to the series of tin mining activities that have taken place in these areas in the past decades. However, the values obtained suggest that the dose taken from intake of these radionuclides in the food crops is low and that harmful effects are not expected.Item PREVALENCE AND IMMUNE STATUS OF HIV/HBV COINFECTED PREGNANT WOMEN(AFRICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY, 2013) Lar, 1P. M.,, Pam, 1V. K., Christopher, 1P. B., 2 Gwamzhi, L. & Mawak, 1 J. D.HIV/HBV coinfection places patients at high risk of liverrelated morbidity and mortality and the interaction of the two viruses can further complicate treatment. Pregnant women are especially at high risk for increased morbidity and mortality due to infection, and information about HIV/HBV coinfection in pregnant women is scanty. This study examined the occurrence of HBV antibodies in HIV1 positive pregnant women and the relationship to Anteretroviral therapy (ART) and other demographic characteristics. Blood samples were collected from 135 HIV pregnant positive women who were either on ART or Not, from May – June, 2008 at the Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH) and the Plateau State Specialist Hospital (PSSH). Presence of hepatitis B surface (HBsAg) antigen in serum was determined using Antec strips (Antec diagnostics UK) and their immunologic status were determined by measuring the CD4+ counts using SL_3 cyFlow counter (Partec, Germany) . Sixteen 16 (11.8%) of the women examined were seropositive for Hepatitis B virus. Occupation was significantly associated with the prevalence of the hepatitis coinfection in the population examined (8.8% of house wives and 5.5% of business women had coinfection, p<0.05). The immunologic status (CD4+ of most of the HIV/HBV coinfected pregnant women (81.5%) was low (below 300 cells/mm3) although all were on Anti retroviral therapy. The 11.8% prevalence rate reported in this study confirms the endemicity of HBV /HIV coinfection in Nigeria, and this supports the calls for screening for Hepatitis B as a routine in antenatal care.Item The Increasing Cases of Lower Back Pain in Developed Nations: A Reciprocal Effect of Development(Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 2014-07) 1M.Y. Mafuyai 2B. G. Babangida 3E.S. Mador 4D.D. Bakwa 5Y.Y. JabilLower back pain is a nonspecific health problem but a general complaint among people of all ages with severe effect and complain among the middle aged and the old. And, surprisingly, the complaint is more rampant in the developed nations than in the developing and underdeveloped nations of the world. The cause has generally been accepted by most researchers around the world to be mechanical than infectious. Our previous research indicated that some postures of the lumbar spine (lower back) are more susceptible to injury and can easily cause pain in the lumbar spine than others. This work has shown that this posture is common among the people in the developed nations due to he highly developed facets of life. The research therefore suggest that the rampant complaint is the result of this posture of the lumbar spine.Item Evaluation of the Essential Oils Constituents from the Leaves, Seed Buds and Fruits of Eucalyptus torelliana F. Muel Plant by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectral Analysis(IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry (IOSR-JAC), 2016-10) Dashak, D. A.1, Daben, J. M.2, Olaoye, F.M.1, Agunbiade1, A.T, Ogbole, EEssential oils obtained from the leaves, seed buds and fruits of Eucalyptus torelliana F. Muel plant by hydro-distillation technique were evaluated using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry method. The major components of all the essential oils from the Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectral analysis are: 4-hexen2-one, phenol, 7-Azabicyclo[4.1.0] heptane, 2-isopropyl phenol, 2,5-dimethyl-3-methylene-1,5-Hexadiene, 1,8nonadiyn, 1-phenylmethanol, n-Hexanol, 2-phenylethanol, Methyl propanoate and haptanitrile. The presences of these compounds suggest potentials of the leaves, seed buds and fruits of Eucalyptus torelliana plant for possible uses as antiseptics, disinfectants and food additivesItem Analysis of the Characteristics of Monthly Rainfall Pattern in Katsina(Physical Science International Journal, 2019) Emmanuel Vezua Tikyaa1*, Francis Oladele Anjorin2 and Emmanuel JosephAims: This paper seeks to analyse the characteristics of monthly rainfall pattern in Katsina City in a view to unveiling the trends and describing its dynamics so that adequate recommendations can be made for its modelling. Study Design: The analysis involves a complete statistical, trend, spectral and nonlinear analysis of the monthly rainfall time series recorded in Katsina. Place and Duration of Study: Location: Katsina City, Katsina State, Nigeria from 1990 to 2015; a period of 26 years. Methodology: Secondary data of daily rainfall recorded in Katsina city from 1990 to 2015 was collected from the Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NiMet), and monthly averages were taken to obtain the monthly rainfall data. The data was then subjected to statistical, trend, spectral and nonlinear analysis techniques to reveal the behavioural patterns in the rainfall and also to reveal its underlying dynamics for its future modelling and prediction. Results: The outcome of this analysis indicates that the monthly rainfall in Katsina exhibits an increasing trend with high variance and right-skewed distribution requiring a maximum of 6 independent variables to model its dynamics. The correlation exponent plot reached a saturation value of 5.892 confirming that the monthly rainfall in Katsina over the last 26 years exhibits low dimensional chaotic behavior while the largest Lyapunov exponent for the monthly rainfall time series in Katsina was also computed and found to be positive, having a value of 0.006055/month confirming the presence of deterministic chaos dynamics and is predictable for the next 165 months. Conclusion: Since from the findings of this work it is confirmed that the rainfall in Katsina exhibits chaotic behavior with an increasing trend, it is recommended that more drainages and dams be built to provide steady supply of water for agricultural and domestic purposes as well as curtail the menace of flooding and drought which may occur as a result of global warming and climate change.Item Reformulated Adomian Decomposition Method for the Approximation of Special Linear and Nonlinear Two-Point Boundary Value Problems(SCIENCE FORUM (JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED SCIENCES), 2021-08-12) Joshua Sunday1; Joshua A. Kwanamu; Nathaniel M. Kamoh; Yusuf SkwameBoundary value problems (BVPs) of higher order have been found to be potentially applicable in hydro-magnetic stability, hydrodynamics, chemical reactions, heat power transmission theory, and the boundary layer theory in fluid mechanics. In this research, a method which decomposes the solution into the series which converges rapidly shall be derived. We shall call this method the reformulated Adomian decomposition method (RADM). This method is an improvement over Aadomian decomposition method (ADM). The RADM is derived in such a way that on imposing the boundary conditions on the approximant, a system of equations is obtained which in turn is solved for the undetermined constants. On substituting the resulting constants into the solution function, we obtain a series solution to the problem. The RADM is applied on some linear and nonlinear two-point BVPs and from the results obtained, the method is said to be computationally reliable.Item Physicochemical and Bacteriological Evaluation of Sachet Water Sold in Minna Metropolis, Niger State, Nigeria(International Journal of Advanced Chemistry Research, 2023) Ibrahim Mohammed; Muhammad Taoheed Bisiriyu; Rasaq Bolakale Salau; Asmau Omowumi Suleiman; Hamidu Abdullahi; Cyril Ogbiko; Gungshik John Rople; Rabiat Lawal AbdullahPhysical assessment of the package labels (product name, manufacturing address, National Agency for Food and Drug Administration (NAFDAC) registration number, manufacturing and expiry date and batch number on the labeling) and quality evaluation of the physicochemical and bacteriological properties of the water samples collected was assess and analyzed in relation to level of compliance with package water recommended standards. Four (4) clusters were considered in which three samples were collected from vendors in each cluster making up a total of twelve (12) samples. Physical examinations revealed 100% compliance to standards in terms of the product name, manufacturing address and NAFDAC registration number but zero percent compliance for manufacturing and expiry dates but only about 17% of the samples had a batch number on the labeling. The physiochemical parameters show appreciable compliance to standards with an ambient temperature of 28 °C, pH range of 6.5 to 8.5 and conductivity values ranged between 104.67 - 225.67 μS/cm still lower compared to the maximum range of 1000 μS/cm by Nigerian Industrial Standard (NIS). Samples turbidity results recorded zero value for SWA1, SWB2, SWC3, SWE5, SWG5, SWH6, SWI7, SWJ8 and SWK9 except for sample SWD10, SWF11, and SWL12 with a turbidity of 2.00, 2.00 and 3.00 NTU, respectively and were still within NIS/WHO limit of 5 NTU. Total dissolved solids (TDS) values ranged from 70.20 - 171.67 mg/L but still within the threshold limit of 500 mg/L recommended by NIS. The bacteriological parameters gave total bacterial count (TBC) ranged between 1 - 16.50 cfu/cm3 accounting for SWB2=2.00, SWC3=1.50, SWD4=2.00, SWE5=1.00, SWF6=5.50, SWG7=4.00, SWH8=5.00, SWI9=13.00, SWJ10=8.50, SWK11=16.50,and SWL12=16.00 cfu/cm3 above the WHO limit of zero cfu/cm3 except SWA with 0.00 cfu/cm3 in conformity with the standard limit while TCC ranged from 1-1.50 cfu/cm3 for SWC3=1.50, SWD4=1.00, SWE5=1.00, SWG7=1.00, SWH8=1.50 and SWK11=1.50 cfu/cm3 which is all above the WHO limit of 0.00 cfu/cm3except six samples (SWA1, SWB2, SWF6, SWI9, SWJ10 and SWL12) having 0.00 cfu/cm3 accounting for 50% samples compliance with the tolerance limit. The concentration of Pb, Zn, Fe, and Cr in the samples was below the WHO/SON tolerant level of 0.01 mg/L for Pb, 5 mg/L for Zn, 0.3 mg/L for Fe and 0.05 mg/L for Cr except for samples SWF6, SWG7, and SWJ10 with Pb concentration of 0.04, 0.032, and 0.050 mg/L respectively, above permissible limits of WHO/SON. The corrosion of pipes used in the water processing may account for the Pb concentration hence, regular assessment of the sachet water products should be ensured by the regulating agencies to promote both water and health safety.Item On Cyclic Codes of Odd Lengths from the Stable Variety of Regular Cayley Graphs(Mathematics and Statistics, 2018) Chun P.B; Ibrahim A.A; Kamoh N.MThe use of the adjacency matrix of a graph as a generator matrix for some classes of binary codes had been reported and studied. This paper concerns the utilization of the stable variety of Cayley regular graphs of odd order for efficient interconnection networks as studied, in the area of Codes Generation and Analysis. The Use of some succession scheme in the construction of a stable variety of the Cayley regular graph had been considered. We shall enumerate the adjacency matrices of the regular Cayley graphs so constructed which are of odd order as in [1]. Next, we would show that the Matrices are cyclic and can be used in the generation of cyclic codes of odd lengths.Item Uranium Concentration in Groundwater and Assessment of Radiation Doses Within Naraguta Sheet 168, North Central Nigeria(Journal of Environment and Earth Science, 2018) Abiye Olatunji Solomon; Paul Olusegun Ogunleye; Raymond Ishaya Daspan; Nestor Monday Chagok; Igah Sabastine OtebeWater samples collected from 60 wells located within Naraguta Sheet 168 in North Central Nigeria were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for uranium concentrations and other selected trace elements. This is aimed at assessing the radiation dose arising from intake of uranium through drinking water pathway for different age groups in the area. Results obtained show that uranium concentration in groundwater within the study area is generally within the acceptable reference level of 0.1mSv/y except in some places around Bukuru, Rayfield and Bishichi areas underlain mainly by the Jos-Bukuru Younger Granite Complex. The uranium values in groundwater within Naraguta Sheet 168 vary from 0.02-168.7 ppb, representing an activity concentration of 0.516-4.353 mBq/l. Radiation dose due to intake of uranium through drinking water pathway from the area is calculated to be 0.045-378.098 (μSv/y) among infants of 0-6 months, 0.051-432.112 (μSv/y) among infants of 7-12 months, 0.029-247.829 (μSv/y) among children between 1-3 years of age, and 0.026-216.056 (μSv/y) for children between 4-8 years. For 9-13 years old male children, it is 0.031-259.267 (μSv/y), while for the female children of the same age range, it is 0.031-259.267 (μSv/y). Male teenagers of between 14-18 years receives 0.042-351.250 (μSv/y) and female in the same age category receives 0.042-244.811 (μSv/y). Among the adult males older than 18 years, the radiation dose is 0.031-264.710 (μSv/y) and among females of 18 years and above, it is 0.023-193.021 (μSv/y). With effective dose due to uranium in water exceeding the reference level of 0.1mSv/y in some localities, it is therefore necessary to always carryout radiological investigations alongside analysis of major anions and cations present in the groundwater for safety reasons.