Animal Production

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Capacity Development and Career Prospects in Conservation Science
(2009-04-28) Babalola, F.D.
Abstract Nutrition is defined as the interrelated steps by which a living organism assimilates food and uses it for growth, tissue repairs and replacement. There is a strong relationship between excessive nitrogen in the atmosphere and the location of intensive farm animal production areas. Upward trend in animal production has led to increasing pressure on pasture; consequently there is greater competition for available forage and compaction of the soil. Single stomach animals like chicken excretes about 100g daily, and 36kg yearly faecal nitrogen. As various experts have identified, reducing GHG emissions is both urgent and critical. As the largest anthropogenisers of land and responsible for more GHG emissions than transportation, the animal production sector must be held accountable for its many deleterious impacts, and changes in animal agricultural practices must be achieved. Improving animal nutrition is therefore expedient to reduce urinary and faecal nitrogen which in turn is proportionally reduces Nitrogen emission into the air.
Poultry Science Association 104th Annual Meeting Abstracts
(2015-07-27) Louisville, Kentucky
Breaking of Dormancy and Its Effects on Seedling Establishment of Date Palm (Phoenix Dactylifera L.)
(2016) Habila S.; Ali A. D.; Salihu F. H.
A study was carried out in the Botanical Garden of the Department of Plant Science and Technology, University of Jos, Nigeria, to determine the most effective method of breaking seed dormancy in Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.). The treatments comprised two types of seed (fresh; seeds less than six month old and the dry seeds were more than six months old) with four different methods of breaking seed dormancy (seeds soaked in acid for 5 minutes, 5 minutes in boiling water, 24 hours in cold water and mechanical scarification) and the control (seeds were not treated). The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design and each treatment was replicated five times. Germination rate (%) was measured weekly for four weeks and seedling height (cm) was measured at 2 weeks interval (beginning from 35 days after planting) for a period of eight weeks. The results showed that the different methods of breaking seed dormancy enhanced the germination of the Date palm and seedling growth. The boiling and cold water treatments had significantly (P<0.005) higher germination rate of 100% at 42 days after planting than the control which had 86.67%. The dry seeds had a significantly (P<0.05) low (26.67) germination rate at 35 days after planting but, did not differ significantly with the fresh seeds at 35 DAP. The boiling water treatment also had a significantly (P<0.005) high seedling height (25.00 cm) at 77 days after planting. The control had the lowest seedling height of 6.72 cm at 35 days after planting. The seeds treated with acids for 5 minutes, did not germinate at all. The result indicates that optimum germination and seedling establishment in Date palms occurred in fresh seeds and the most effective method of breaking the dormancy is through the use of boiling water.
Evaluation of Some Orange-Fleshed Sweet Potato (OFSP) Accessions for Growth and Yield Potentials in Jos-Plateau Environment
(IDOSI Publications., 2017) O. A. T. Namo; O. J. Akinbola; G. O. Utoblo
The orange-fleshed sweet potato (OFSP) contains -carotene, a precursor of Vitamin A, which is used to address hunger and blindness in children. Therefore, there is the need to promote the cultivation and consumption of the OFSP. In this study, twelve accessions of the orange-fleshed sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.), namely F2M5/3, Ng – Jay, MD, F1M1/4, ELINDA, SOUL, AI2IB, TIS. 87/0087/08, KWARA/00, F1M4/11, SOLO – 1/100 and SOLO – 1/144, were screened to evaluate their growth and yield potentials in the Jos-Plateau environment in Nigeria between July and November, 2016. The study was carried out at the potato sub-station of the National Root Crops Research Institute,Kuru, Plateau State (Latitude 09°44’N, Longitude 08° 47’E, Altitude 1,293.3 m above sea level). The twelve accessions were laid out in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Results showed that establishment rate ranged from 97.8 % in the accession SOUL to 30 % in the accession AI2IB. The leaf area index increased with time up to 90 DAP and thereafter decreased in all the accessions. The relative growth rate decreased with time in all accessions.The net assimilation rate (NAR) increased with time up to 90 DAP and thereafter decreased in all but accessions F2M5/3, MD, ELINDA, F1M4/11, SOLO – 1/100 and SOLO – 1/144, where NAR increased up to 120 DAP. The mean number of tubers per plant, tuber length, tuber girth and dry matter content varied with accession. Root-top ratio was highest in the accession Ng-Jay (3.93) and lowest in the accession AI2IB (0.69). Harvest index increased with time up to 120 DAP in all the accessions. Total tuber yield was highest in the accession Ng-Jay (8.2 t/ha) and lowest in the accession ELINDA (2.0 t/ha). The OFSP accessions used in this study showed promising potentials for high yields in the Jos-Plateau environment. They are, therefore, recommended for further screening and selection.
Phytochemicals from Ageratum conyzoides L. Extracts and their Antifungal Activity against Virulent Aspergillus spp.
(Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR), 2017-08) Ponchang Apollos Wuyep; Hannatu Dawa Musa; Grace Chiemeka Ezemokwe; Davou Dung Nyam; Michael Davou SilaGyang
Antifungal activity of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Ageratum conyzoides plant were evaluated in vitro against Aspergillus fumigatus, A. niger, A. terreus, A. tamarii and A. ustus; these are mostly implicated in plant and animal fungal diseases. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of some phytochemicals. Antifungal potential of the extracts were evaluated quantitatively in vitro using well diffusion method and challenged with the test standard isolates and compared with controls. The percentage yields of aqueous extracts were greater than that of ethanolic extract. Both extracts showed a potentially good antifungal activity, however aqueous extract had more activity. The activities increased with increasing concentration. Maximum antifungal activity was shown by aqueous extract of A. conyzoides against A. niger and A. ustus with the average inhibition of 20 mm each while the least activity were recorded against A. fumigatus at the concentration of 800 mg/mL with 7 mm zones of inhibition. Itraconazole (positive control) at 16.667 mg/mL, ranged from 15±0.13 mm to 20±0.13 mm with MIC values from 2.630 mg/mL to 6.761 mg/mL. The MIC values of extracts ranged from 50 mg/mL to 794 mg/mL. The activities of the plant extracts against the standard organisms in vivo did not correlate well with the in vitro. The extracts showed an antifungal potential both in vitro against the standard organisms, confirming the traditional medicinal claims for use against pathogenic fungal infections of plant and animals.
pH of Beef Sausage as Affected by Time Postmortem on Yield and Keeping Quality of Sausage
(Proc. 7th Ann. ASAN-NIAS Joint Annual Meeting, 2018) Oshibanjo D. O.; Adesope A. I; Abegunde Lawerence
Changes in pH affect storage and processing quality of meat and meat products such as sausage. Sausages are made from comminuted lean meat and fat mixed with salt, spices and other ingredients, then filled into a casing made of animal intestine or cellulose. Sausages are made from beef, veal, pork, lamb and poultry or from any combination of these meats. Without proper storage, the product quality reduced with time. There are needs therefore, to examine the effect of post-mortem time on spoilage of meat used in sausage production. The meat samples for sausage making were harvested and allotted to five groups viz; 0, 6, 12, 18, and 24 hours post-mortem, respectively. Each treatment group was replicated thrice in a factorial arrangement in completely randomized design. The sausage recipe used for all the treatment groups were Beef 65%, Lard 20%, Soybean binder 3.5% green spices 2.19%, dry spices 1.5%, ice water 4.5%, salt 2%, sugar 1%, Sodium nitrite 0.01% and phosphate 0.3%. The sausage was stored for 14days at +40C. Sausage prepared was subjected to pH and microbial count. Data were analysed using descriptive statistic and ANOVA at α0.05. There were significant (P<0.05) differences observed in pH value among the treatments and storage days. Similar result was obtained for the microbial count. As the time post-mortem and storage day increases, there was an increased in values obtained. 0 and 6-hour time post-mortem were recommended from this experiment to harvest meat for best yield and keeping quality of sausage.
Effects of dietary inclusion of cassava peel meal on functional properties of chicken egg in duration of storage
(2018) Ogunwole O. A.; Samireddypalle A.; DaramolaT. B.; Mosuro A. O.; Oshibanjo O. D.
Effect of dietary inclusion of cassava peel meal on functional properties of chicken eggs in days of storage was evaluated. Issa Brown layers (n=2400), aged 36 weeks were randomly allotted to two dietary treatments of 1200 birds each. Control (T1) was corn-soya diet while T2 had 5% corn replaced with cassava peel mash and were fed ad libitum to respective birds for six weeks. Eggs (n=150) were sampled, stored at ambient conditions and functional properties as well as lipid oxidation monitored at days 0, 7, 14, and 21. Bulk density (9.75±0.94-10.00±1.42), emulsion activity (51.83±1.00- 52.00±1.41), lipid oxidation (0.91±0.14-0.96±0.06) increased while foaming capacity (15.17±5.784.17±4.26), foaming stability (8.00±6.63-3.75±2.72), water absorption capacity (1.53±0.781.441±0.89), water retention capacity (1.66±1.06-1.48±0.90), oil absorption capacity (1.39±0.891.38±0.93), oil retention capacity (0.99±0.74-1.16±0.73) decreased in days of storage (DOS). Interaction of DOS and diets affected (P<0.05) foaming capacity and stability of eggs. Dietary cassava peel meal enhanced foaming capacity and lipid oxidation in chicken eggs.
Neural Network and Regression Based Model for Cows’ Milk Yield Prediction in Different Climatic Gradients
(2018-08-17) Bosede Oyegbile; Oludayo Michael Akinsola; Okeke Rufina Obioma; Adekola Omololu Atanda; Balami Samuel Paul; Mary Foluke Oladipo; Zulfat Suleiman Abba
The present study was designed to develop the prediction equations for 305 days fat corrected milk yield on the basis of part periods milk yield, milk component and conformation traits of multi genotype cows. Artificial Neural Network model had the best prediction accuracy across varying environments, though Genetic Function Algorithm had the overall best adequacy for fat corrected milk yield predictions (FCM305d=1036.1-98.3RP+22FY+15.92UC-0.07RUH; Adj R2=0.997; RMSE=30.07; BIC=1997.28).
Effect of Tier Level, Exposure and Period on Egg Production and Grade of Eggs
(2018-10-23) Adekola Omololu Atanda; Okeke Rufina Obioma; Balami Samuel Paul; Louis Ugwu; Abdullahi Idris; Oludayo Michael Akinsola
A total of 230 Nera birds were studied in an open and close-ended layer house for 6 weeks to determine the effect of cage location, tier level, and exposure of bird on egg production. Birds were supplied ad Libitum with feed and water. Eggs were collected twice daily at 11.00 am, and 4.00 p.m. counted, weighed and classified into sizes. The production of the egg was found to be significantly influenced by the location of laying hen. The upper tier recorded 29.17% superiority over the lower tier. This showed that birds laid more eggs in the upper tier. Besides, tier did not significantly (P < 0.05) affect the sizes of the egg laid. In this study, the birds used were exposed to light and dark conditions. The result obtained showed that more eggs were produced at the better lit area than the more shaded area. It is therefore economically viable to have more light in the
Seroprevalence of Brucellosis and Associated Risk Factors among Indigenous Breeds of Goats in Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria
(Hindawi Journal of Pathogens, 2018-11-01) Olaolu T.Olufemi; DanjumaB.Dantala; PaulA.Shinggu; Umesi A.Dike; Gbeminiyi R.Otolorin; JiviniA.Nwuku; Eyiojo B. T. Baba-Onoja; TenmusoD. Jatau; FrancisI. Amama
Across-sectional study was conducted in Wukari, Taraba state, Nigeria, to determine the prevalence of Brucella antibodies and the risk factors associated with brucellosis in indigenous breeds of goats. A total of 386 goats were sampled from three political wards Puje, Avyi, and Hospital: harvested sera samples were subjected to Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT).Graph Pad Prism version7.03 for Windows(Graph Pad Software, LaJolla California, USA) wasusedtoanalyse the association between seroprevalence of brucellosis and age, sex, breed, location, and management system by using Chi square and Fisher’s exact test as appropriate. Brucellosis wasdetectedinallthreewards:Puje;15%,Avyi;6.6%,andHospital;7.6%.Aprevalencerateof2.8%,8%,18.7%,and1%wasrecorded for <20-month, 22-35-month, 36-45-month, and ≥46-55-month age categories, respectively (P < 0.05). Only 9.5% was observed for male animals while 9.8% was observed for female animals with no statistical difference between the males and females. Breed specific seroprevalence yielded 7.4%, 5.4% 12%, 12.8%, and 11.6%, for Cross, West Africa Dwarf, Red Sokoto, Kano Brown, and Sahel breeds of goat, respectively. There is an evidence of brucellosis (9.6%) in Wukari L.G.A, Taraba State, and age is a risk factor for the disease in the study area. There is a need to enlighten the public on the zoonotic potentials and economic impacts of brucellosis.
Dry Matter Yield and Quality of Two Temperate and Two Tropical Forage Legume Hays Harvested at Early-Flowering in Jos, Nigeria
(Asian Journal of Advances in Agricultural Research, 2019) Akpensuen T. T.; Amodu J. T.; Tanko R. J.; Luka J. S.; Namo O. A. T.; Hassan M. R.
The study was designed to evaluate the dry matter yield and quality of two temperate (T. Pratense and T. repens) and two tropical forage legumes (S. guianensis and C.molle) harvested at earlyflowering stage for hay in a cool tropical environment of Vom, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria. The legumes were planted in the month of June, 2015 and 2016 in a 4 x 4 Latin Square Design with four replicates in plots measuring 5 m x 3 m. The forages were harvested at early-flowering stage for yield components, dry matter yield and nutrient quality evaluation. The result showed that C. molle was significantly (P<0.01) higher in height in the two seasons compared to the other legumes. Number of leaves per plant was higher (P<0.01) significantly in S. guianensis (125.00) in 2015 whereas, T. repens had higher (P<0.01) value (187.25) in 2016 cropping season. Stylosanthes guianensis produced significantly (P<0.01) higher dry matter with 10.42 t ha-1 in 2015, while the dry matter yield obtained from C. molle (2.90 t ha-1) was the highest in 2016. Trifolium pratense and T. repens were scored excellent grade, while Stylosanthes guianensis and Centrosema molle were scored good in quality. Crude protein content was significantly (P<0.01) higher in T. repens (18.38%) compared to T. pratense (16.50 %), whereas S. guianensis produced the least value of 13.83%. The crude fibre content of the of the forage materials on the other hand was significantly higher (P<0.0I) in S. guianensis (37.29 %) compared to the other forage legumes. The temperate forage legumes in this trial were higher in nutrient content, but lower in dry matter yield. Therefore, the forage crops may serve as better supplementary feeds for livestock feeding especially during the dry season.
Effect of Cooking Methods and Temperature on Proximate and Amino Acid Composition of Breakfast Sausage
(2019-08-07) Oshibanjo D. O; Olusola O. O.; Ogunwole O. A.
Aims: The effect of cooking method and temperature on amino acid composition of breakfast sausage (BS) was undertaken in this study. Methodology: Three batches of prepared BS from beef, were randomly allotted to three cooking methods (CM): (boiling, grilling and frying) each at cooking temperatures (CT) of 80, 90 and 100°C to attain internal temperature of 72°C in a completely randomized design. Samples from each treatment were oven-dried and assayed for amino acid and proximate composition using standard procedures. Data obtained was analysed using descriptive statistic and ANOVA at α0.05. Results: Results showed that grilled sausage at 80°C had highest total amino acid profile (3.2%). Grilled sausage at 80°C had highest crude protein (25.58%). Grilled BS at 80°C recorded least fat content (15.99%). Grilled sausage at 80°C had the higher ash (6.66%) and least (1.40%) in boiled sausage at 90°C. Conclusion: Therefore, breakfast sausage could be best grilled at 80°C due to maintain high amino acid profile, crude protein, ash and lower fat content. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
Economics Benefits, Growth Performance, Carcass and Meat Characteristics of Broiler Chicken Fed High Fibre Diet
(2019-08-08) Samuel C. Etop; Oshibanjo D. O.; Nwaoru C. E; Ukpong A
Aims: The effects of high fibre diet fed to broilers chicken on growth, carcass performance sensory evaluation, primal cuts and meat characteristics were carried out in a eight weeks feeding trials. Methodology: A total of two hundred and forty, day old broiler chicks of Arbor Acer breed obtained from a commercial hatchery was used for the trial. An average (33±0.12 g body weight) were weighted individually and randomly divided into three (3) Treatment with ten replicate per treatment and eight birds per replicate using a completely randomized design. The diet contained T1= 8.70% fibre; T2= 13.10% with enzyme and T3= 13.10% fibre without enzyme. Parameters measured are
Effect of Selected Oils on Antioxidant and Physicochemical Properties of Breakfast Sausage
(2019-08-13) Oshibanjo D. O.; Olusola O. O; Luka J. S.; Adesope A. I.; Lawrence Abegunde; Gbeffe K. A; Adeniyi A. K; Akwashiki M. A
Aims: The process of degradation converts fatty acid esters of oils into free fatty acids, by reaction with air, moisture and/or other materials. The main cause of rancidity of lipids is the oxidative deterioration of unsaturated fatty acids through a free-radical chain mechanism called lipid peroxidation. The aim of this study seek to evaluate the effect of selected oils on antioxidant and physicochemical properties of breakfast sausage. Methodology: Breakfast sausage was prepared (g/100 g: beef 65.0, corn flour 10.0, oil 10.0, others 13.0). Lard, was replaced with shea butter, olive oil or groundnut oil in a completely _____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Effects of Feeding Roasted Canarium schweinfurthii Seed Meal on Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Broiler Chicken
(2019-08-19) Adelowo O. V; Oshibanjo D. O; Olaiya O. D.; Banjo A. A.; Machen M. J
Aims: The study was conducted to determine the performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens fed diet with roasted Canarium schweinfurthii (atili) seed meal. Materials and Methods: One hundred and twenty (120) two weeks old chicks were randomly allotted to four dietary treatments containing 0% (control) T1, 2.5% (T2), 5% (T3), and 7.5% (T4) of roasted Canarium seed meal (RCSM) respectively, in a completely randomized design. Thirty birds per treatment with three replicate of ten birds each for six weeks. The parameters measured were
A Comparative Study of the Daily Activity Patterns of Dog Faced Baboon (Papio anubis) in Captivity at the Kano University Zoo and Kano Zoological Garden
(2019-09-07) Mohammed Musa Yahaya; Isah Suleiman Dutse; Oshibanjo D. O.; Dan`azumi Danboyi Daya
Aim: This study seeks to observed the daily activity patterns of dog faced baboon (Papio anubis) in Kano University of Science and Technology Wudil Zoo and Kano Zoological Garden. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out daily between 6:00am to 6:00pm from December 2016 to January 2017. Digital camera was also attached to cages at the two sites. The observation in the activity patterns were recorded on recording sheet, observation is done three times a week at 20 minutes intervals. Results: The findings on activity pattern of dog faced baboon (Papio anubis) in captivity shows that the day time activities decrease from morning to evening. Resting activities was 47.5%, movement
On-farm Fatality Rate of Cattle Transported to Lgboora Abattoir
(2019-09-07) Oyinlola O. O; Oshibanjo D. O; Luka J. S.; Okapanachi U.; Okeke R. O
Aims: The shortcomings in animal welfare during the transportation of cattle had led to increased mortality among animals. The aim of this study is to determine the fatality rate in cattle transported for slaughter in the Towobowo abattoir located in Igboora Ibarapa Central Local Government. Materials and Methods: The fatality of cattle transported to Igboora abattoir was evaluated for four months. The cattle were brought to the lairage at Towobowo before they were slaughtered and sold out. They were usually brought in from Budo Musa and Thursday kraal market in Igboora. 2,196 cattle were brought to the abattoir between January and April, 2019. 12 animals were lost top transportation stress and mishandling. Data were analysed using chi square. Results: There was not significant effect (p=0.4464) of the fatality rate across the months. Since, fatality is usually recorded mostly from the cattle brought from Budo Musa due to overcrowding in the trucks and under extreme atmospheric conditions with rough driving. ________________________________________________________________________________________________
Design of a GSM Based Information System for Disease Outbreak Reporting
(2026-01) Akpokodje, Edore T.; Adegbola; Akpokodje; Vera.; Tunde
The present method of reporting cases of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza via telephone hotline to NVRI has proven not to be as effective as required considering the need for timely reporting and response to outbreaks. In order to improve response time, accessibility, provide proper documentation of queries and reduce the financial burden on the average farmer, the researchers have taken advantage of the GSM network which has a coverage of over 46% (NCC1, 2009) of the Nigerian population as at April, 2009 and has infrastructure which is not limited to the urban areas but has also permeated the rural areas to a reasonable extent. The aim of this project is to develop a system that can widen access to electronic databases by use of GSM phones. This would enable small scale rural farmers to have access to the Internet and online Nigerian databases. To achieve this purpose the researchers have created a gateway between the GSM and computer networks. They have also created an SMS message format which is able to interrogate the existing database. Visual Basic 6 was the main programming tool used in designing the system. Nokia PC Connectivity 3.0 SDK and Nokia PC Suite 7.1 were functional requirements for the system to be implemented. A Nokia 7210 Supernova handset was connected to the computer system via USB to serve as the Modem.