Faculty of Engineering

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    Anaerobic Digestion of Abattoir Waste: A Combined Strategy for Biogas and Biofertilizer Production, and Waste Management
    (Asian Journal of Biotechnology and Bioresource Technology, 2017) M. I. Alfa1*, O. A. Ojeleye2, F. B. Wamyil1 and D. Makolo3
    Aims: The study was carried out to estimate the biogas and biofertilizer potential of cattle Paunch and assess the waste treatment efficiency of the Anaerobic Digestion process. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at the Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria between March and August 2016. Methodology: We digested paunch from the rumen of one cow anaerobically for 30 days. Biogas production was measured. The digestate compost was used in comparison with Urea to cultivate maize. The plant heights, Plant diameter, average growth rate, number of cobs and weight of cobs were the performance indicators. The results obtained for each parameter were subjected to a Two Way ANOVA at 95% Confidence level using Minitab 14.2 Statistical software. Physicochemical and microbial characteristics of the feedstock and digestate were used as indicators of the treatment efficiency. Results: 0.61 m3 of biogas was produced over the retention time while the potential biogas production of one mature cow was estimated at 7.43 m3/year. A total of 14.7 kg of digestate compost was obtained and utilized for the maize production. The results of the ANOVA showed that there was significant difference between the treatments for all parameters with a P-value of .000 in each case. Only plant height showed significant different between plots with a P-value of .035. 53.13% percent reduction in Total solids was achieved by the anaerobic digestion process while the reduction in Volatile solids, Chemical Oxygen Demand, E. coli and Enterobacteriaceae were 47.12%, 29.10% 86.75% and 91.28% respectively while the overall efficiency was estimated at 63.86%. Conclusion: Biogas in good quantity and compost was produced via the anaerobic digestion of cattle paunch and the process achieved over 60% waste treatment efficiency.
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    Energy Exploitation And Environmental Impact In Nigeria: The Way Forward.
    (Journal of Energy Technologies and Policy, 2013) Maren, I. Borok1*, Mangai, M. Morgan1, Golkus, J. Ishaku2
    Energy is the basis of industrial civilisation; without energy, modern life would be difficult to live. However, the exploitation and utilisation of energy in this case non-renewable energy (oil, gas and coal) comes with effects that impact negatively on the environment such as environmental pollution which affects weather conditions, soil fertility, aquatic habitats and wildlife animals. This paper, after highlighting the various environmental impact of energy exploitation, emphasizes on the need for the stakeholders, in this context, government, engineers, scientist, investors and community leaders to rise up to the challenges and ensure that the impacts of energy to the environment are addressed. It advocates for interdisciplinary approach and strict adherence to professional ethics by engineers and scientists to address the problems while the appropriate government agencies should enforce the various environmental laws. And judging by the threat the non-renewable energy exploitation poses to humans and the environment, the paper suggests a gradual shift to clean energy technology for sustainable development.
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    The Analysis Of Inter Cell Handover Dynamics in A GSM Network
    (International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, 2014-06) Dajab, Danjuma. D.; Abednego, Galadima.; Buba, Bajoga,G.
    Efficient Handover mechanism in a GSM network is one of the parameters critical to GSM network service quality (QoS) and customer satisfaction. Handover is the process that transfers an ongoing call from one cell to another as the users move through the coverage areas of the cellular systems. This research focuses on analysing and optimizing intercell handover dynamics in Airtel Network in Kano. A three months call record sample data was used. Several cells in the Airtel Network in Kano were investigated by profiling and analysing their performance using standard mathematical relationships of Handover success rate, Call setup success rate, Blocking probability, Call drop rate which are relevant Key Performance Indicators. Data was obtained in Microsoft Excel format. Performance evaluation was carried out using Nigerian Communication Commission (NCC) QoS standard for Macrocell as benchmark. The evaluation revealed that seventy two percent (72%) of cells considered performed below NCC targets for Call Setup Success Rate (CSSR), Sixty four percent (64%) failed to achieve Handover Success Rate (HSR) and Standalone Dedicated Control Channel blocking rates targets, twenty one percent (21%) failed to achieve congestion targets. Average call drop rate per cell was predicted to be six (6%).