Department of Industrial Chemistry

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://irepos.unijos.edu.ng/handle/123456789/11287

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    Physicochemical and Bacteriological Evaluation of Sachet Water Sold in Minna Metropolis, Niger State, Nigeria
    (International Journal of Advanced Chemistry Research, 2023) Ibrahim Mohammed; Muhammad Taoheed Bisiriyu; Rasaq Bolakale Salau; Asmau Omowumi Suleiman; Hamidu Abdullahi; Cyril Ogbiko; Gungshik John Rople; Rabiat Lawal Abdullah
    Physical assessment of the package labels (product name, manufacturing address, National Agency for Food and Drug Administration (NAFDAC) registration number, manufacturing and expiry date and batch number on the labeling) and quality evaluation of the physicochemical and bacteriological properties of the water samples collected was assess and analyzed in relation to level of compliance with package water recommended standards. Four (4) clusters were considered in which three samples were collected from vendors in each cluster making up a total of twelve (12) samples. Physical examinations revealed 100% compliance to standards in terms of the product name, manufacturing address and NAFDAC registration number but zero percent compliance for manufacturing and expiry dates but only about 17% of the samples had a batch number on the labeling. The physiochemical parameters show appreciable compliance to standards with an ambient temperature of 28 °C, pH range of 6.5 to 8.5 and conductivity values ranged between 104.67 - 225.67 μS/cm still lower compared to the maximum range of 1000 μS/cm by Nigerian Industrial Standard (NIS). Samples turbidity results recorded zero value for SWA1, SWB2, SWC3, SWE5, SWG5, SWH6, SWI7, SWJ8 and SWK9 except for sample SWD10, SWF11, and SWL12 with a turbidity of 2.00, 2.00 and 3.00 NTU, respectively and were still within NIS/WHO limit of 5 NTU. Total dissolved solids (TDS) values ranged from 70.20 - 171.67 mg/L but still within the threshold limit of 500 mg/L recommended by NIS. The bacteriological parameters gave total bacterial count (TBC) ranged between 1 - 16.50 cfu/cm3 accounting for SWB2=2.00, SWC3=1.50, SWD4=2.00, SWE5=1.00, SWF6=5.50, SWG7=4.00, SWH8=5.00, SWI9=13.00, SWJ10=8.50, SWK11=16.50,and SWL12=16.00 cfu/cm3 above the WHO limit of zero cfu/cm3 except SWA with 0.00 cfu/cm3 in conformity with the standard limit while TCC ranged from 1-1.50 cfu/cm3 for SWC3=1.50, SWD4=1.00, SWE5=1.00, SWG7=1.00, SWH8=1.50 and SWK11=1.50 cfu/cm3 which is all above the WHO limit of 0.00 cfu/cm3except six samples (SWA1, SWB2, SWF6, SWI9, SWJ10 and SWL12) having 0.00 cfu/cm3 accounting for 50% samples compliance with the tolerance limit. The concentration of Pb, Zn, Fe, and Cr in the samples was below the WHO/SON tolerant level of 0.01 mg/L for Pb, 5 mg/L for Zn, 0.3 mg/L for Fe and 0.05 mg/L for Cr except for samples SWF6, SWG7, and SWJ10 with Pb concentration of 0.04, 0.032, and 0.050 mg/L respectively, above permissible limits of WHO/SON. The corrosion of pipes used in the water processing may account for the Pb concentration hence, regular assessment of the sachet water products should be ensured by the regulating agencies to promote both water and health safety.
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    EFFECT OF AQUEOUS SOYABEAN EXTRACT AND METFORMIN ON SOME BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS IN ALLOXAN- INDUCED DIABETIC RATS
    (IJBPAS,, 2026-07) LUKA CD; TIJJANI H
    Soya bean is a staple food with great nutritional value. In this study, the effect of aqueous soya bean extract was carried out in Alloxan induced diabetic rats for 7days. The phytochemical screening indicated the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, cardiac glycosides, terpenes, steroids, phenols and resins. Diabetic rats exhibited high blood glucose, cholesterol, Triglyceride (TG) and Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) while High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) was very low. The continuous administration of extract at150 mg/kg b.wt. for 7 days significantly (P˂0.05) reverse these effects on cholesterol, TG, HDL and LDL while a similar result was also observe for metformin (14.2 mg/kg b.wt) treated group. The extract had no significant effect (P˃0.05) on serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) while serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was significantly increasing (P˂0.05) when compared to the control. Although the extract could not significantly lower the blood glucose when compared to the control, a gradual reduction was observed on day7. The present study revealed that aqueous soya bean extract can effectively control some of the metabolic disorders that are associated with diabetic.
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    Exceptionally High Yields of Hydrocarbons from the Catalytic Co-pyrolysis of Torrefied Corn Stalks with High Density Polyethylene
    (Adamawa State University Journal of Scientific Research, 2018-08-02) Anthonia, E. Eseyin; Solomon, A. Mamuru; Philip, H. Steele
    Torpefied corn stalks (TCS), torpefied corn stalks/high density polyethylene (TCS/HDPE), with and without zeolite catalyst (HZSM-5) were analyzed by Py-GC at 400, 500, and 600oC for the production of high yields of hydrocarbons. The highest yield of hydrocarbons (43.38%) was produced by TCS/HDPE/Cat. at 600oC. 21.83% yield was produced in the absence of HZSM-5 at 600oC. Lower yields were recorded at lower temperatures, with or without catalyst. The pyrolysis of TCS alone did not produce any hydrocarbon at any of the pyrolysis temperatures. Elemental analysis results showed that HDPE contained higher percentages of carbon and hydrogen than torpefied corn stalks. The thermogravimetric analysis results indicated that HDPE was more thermally stable than TCS. TCS decomposed at about 300C while HDPE decomposed at about 475C. Maximum weight loss was achieved at about 350C and 500C for TCS and HDPE, respectively.
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    MOBILITY AND BIOAVAILABILITY OF HEAVY METALS IN SOILS OBTAINED FROM OPEN-AIR AUTOMOBILE REPAIR SHOP IN JOS NORTH LGA, PLATEAU STATE, NIGERIA
    (Ewemen Journal of Analytical & Environmental Chemistry, 2019-03) GUSHIT J.S.; OMADEFU K.O.; EGILA J.N.
    In this work, the forms of Cadmium (Cd), Lead (Pb), Zinc (Zn), Copper (Cu) and Nickel (Ni) were determined in soil samples from four automobile maintenance and repair shops (garages) within Jos North LGA of Plateau State. Samples were collected from four different garages namely; Army Engineer (site A), Angwan Rukuba (site B), Farin Gada (site C) and Tudun Wada (site D). The samples collected were prepared and analyzed for the various forms (exchangeable, reducible, oxidizable and residual) of the heavy metals using the Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) sequential extraction techniques and detected using an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The result showed Zn concentration as highest in all the sites with an average of 37.62±0.03 mg/kg, followed by Pb with average concentration of 3.38±0.01 mg/kg, CU and Ni with average values of 2.03±0.01 mg/kg and 0.18±0.00 mg/kg respectively. Cd was only found to be in the exchangeable form at site D and below the detectable limit in sites A, B, and C. However, Cu was more associated to the exchangeable forms in sites C and D while in sites A and B it was associated with the oxidizable and residual forms, respectively. The residual form of Ni was highest in all the sites while the reducible form showed highest for Pb. Zn was more associated with the exchangeable fraction in all the sites except site A which has more of the residual form. Zn and Cu were found to be mobile and bioavailable in all the sites while Ni was not. However, Pb was mobile and bioavailable in sites B and D, while Cd was only bioavailable in site D. The individual contamination factor (ICF) was highest for Cu, followed by Zn and Pb. This suggests higher risk of Zn, Cu and Pb pollution in garage soils. The work recommends in the immediate run that both in-situ and ex-situ remediation techniques be used to rectify the heavy metal contamination in this sites.
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    Accumulation of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBS) in Soil and Water from Electrical Transformers Installation Sites in Selected Locations in Jos Metropolis, Plateau State, Nigeria
    (Journal of Environmental & Analytical Toxicology, 2018-04-15) Ibrahim E. G.; Gushit J. S.; Salami S. J.
    Soil and water samples from surroundings of selected Electricity Transformer installations belonging to the Jos Electricity Distribution (JED) Plc, Jos were analyzed for different congeners of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) widely used as coolants. The EPA 3550 and 3510 methods were used for the sampling, preparation and extraction of the soil and water samples respectively. The extracts were cleaned up using column chromatography packed with silica gel (120 mesh). Thereafter, it was concentrated for characterization and quantification using Gas Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectroscopy Detector (GC-MSD). Fifteen (15) congeners were identified and quantified in the soil samples. The result obtained shows C52 to have the highest concentration with the value of 5.84 mg/kg. The range for the concentrations of the various congeners identified are: C18 (0.00-0.05 mg/kg), C20 (0.27-0.70 mg/kg), C28 (0.28-0.39 mg/kg), C29 (0.28-0.39 mg/kg), C44 (0.15-0.54 mg/kg), C52 (0.09-5.84 mg/kg), C101 (0.38-0.51 mg/kg), C137 (0. 45-1.79 mg/kg), C142 (0.00-0.55 mg/kg), C153 (0.37-1.20 mg/kg), C170 (0.15-1.59 mg/kg), C180 (0.00-0.47 mg/kg) and C194 (0.00-0.32 mg/kg). Similarly, for the water samples only C20, C28, C29, C101, C105 and C153 were identified and quantified. The result shows C153 having the highest concentration with the value of 0.57 mg/l followed by C105 (0.48 mg/l), C101 (0.37 mg/l), C28 and C29 have same concentration of 0.28 mg/l. From thirty samples analyzed, the result of the soils is below the Canadian Reference maximum allowable limit while that of water has some values higher than the recommended allowable limit. The studies showed various concentrations are link with ages of Transformer installation, as those installed earlier had more congeners with higher concentrations than the recent ones.