Faculty of Natural Sciences
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Item COMMENTARIES ON HILBERT’S BASIS THEOREM(_SCIENCE WORLD JOURNAL, 2008) APINE, E; JELTENThe famous basis theorem of David Hilbert is an important theorem in commutative algebra. In particular the Hilbert’s basis theorem is the most important source of Noetherian rings which are by far the most important class of rings in commutative algebra. In this paper we have used Hilbert’s theorem to examine their unique properties which will help us to understand some of the characteristics of the Noetherian rings.Item A Comparative Study on the Prevalence of Intestinal Helminthes in Dewormed and Non-Dewormed Students in a Rural Area of North Central Nigeria(Labmedicine, 2010) James G. Damen; Patricia Lar; Paul Mershak; Emmanuel M. Mbaawuga; Bryan W. NyaryParasitic helminthes are endemic in Nigeria, owinrfto poor environmental sanitation, pollution, and contamination of water and air. Children in Nigeria are highly exposed and very vulnerable to these infections, and these infections have adverse effects on their physical and mental development. School children, then, are good targets for mass-treatment programs against intestinal worms; treating children has been shown to reduce transmission to untreated members in communities. This study determines the effectiveness of deworming school children with a view to improving the planning and implementation of control programs in the study area and reveals that regular use of broad-spectrum anti helminth medication is advocated for effective deworming programs.Item A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE PREVALENCE OF HELMINTH PARASITES IN HIV SEROPOSITIVE AND HIV SERONEGATIVE INDIVIDUALS IN PLATEAU STATE, NIGERIA.(NIGERIAN ANNALS OF NATURAL SCIENCES, 2011-05) ABELAU M.; GOSELLE O. N.; UDEH E.O.; D-POPOVA D. D.; POPOV T. V.From June to November, 2006, stool samples were collected from 818 individuals that are both HIVseropositive and HIV-seronegative attending four hospitals in Plateau State, Nigeria and were examined for the presence of intestinal helminths. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of intestinal helminth parasites in HIV-seropositive subjects as compared to the HIV-seronegative individuals. Of the 818 individuals enrolled in the study, 261 were HIV-seropositive while 557 were HIV-seronegative. The study revealed helminth parasites to be more prevalent among the HIV-seropositive(33.3%) than in the HIV-seronegative (21.9%). We found some intestinal helminths parasites which were quite different from those reported earlier by other researchers in other regions of the world. This variability could be multifactorial. Diagnosis and treatment of intestinal helminths should be a routine part of HIV care in parasite endemic developing countries and where this approach is logistically infeasible, mass deworming strategies may provide an appropriate alternative given the low cost and low toxicity of antihelminthics and the high prevalence rates of intestinal helminth infection expected.Item Immune status of HIV/AIDS patients with hepatitis B virus in Benue State, Nigeria(Advances in Applied Science Research, 2012) Yako AB; Lar P; Ishaleku D; Yako JB; Makpo JK; Auta KI; Moses OS; Nweze NOThe CD4 counts of HIV positive individuals with hepatitis B surface antigen was a factor used to determine the immune status among infected individuals in Benue State. Of 966 males infected with HIV, 15(1.55%) were positive for HBsAg+ with CD4 counts <335 cell/μl and in the female category, 10(0.95%) of 1042 were positive for HBsAg+ with the CD4+ counts <420 at the initial CD4 cells counts. According to age, individuals aged between 30 and 39 years were positive for HBsAg+ with their CD4 counts ≤335 cell/μl. The least in terms of HBsAg+ carriage (0.34%) were those 50 years and above whose CD4 read <224 cell/μl. After an interval of 6 months, the CD4 level declined to <100 cell/μl. However, there was a significant relationship in the degree of infection among sexes (Z=0.40<±1.96). HBsAg+ carriage rate was dependent on age (x²=7.82<0.05).Item Prevalence and intensity of Schistosoma haematobium among residents of Gwong and Kabong in Jos North Local Government Area, Plateau State, Nigeria(Int. J. Biol. Chem. Sci, 2012-07) A. DAWET; D.P. YAKUBU; R. LONGMUT; .B. BENJAMIN 1,; Y.H. DABURUM; N. NANNIMSchistosomiasis is a disease of great pathological effects in human especially during teenage years. The disease is a major public health problem with deepen economic consequences particularly in endemic areas. This study was conducted to determine the level of Schistosoma haematobium infection among the residence of Gwong and Kabong areas of Plateau State, Nigeria. Consent was obtained from the traditional heads and the subjects in the study areas. Ethical clearance was obtained from the ethical committee of Our Lady of Apostle (OLA) hospital Jos and Primary Health Care (PHC) clinics Nabor. A total of two hundred and forty two urine samples were collected and prepared using the sedimentation method. Slides were examined for S. haematobium ova under the microscope. Of all the samples examined, five (2.07%) all from Gwong area were infected. Male had a higher prevalence (3.85%) and mean intensity (32 ± 7.23) of ova compared with female. Infection was observed only in age groups 10-14 and 35-39 years. The prevalence was highest among those that obtained water from rivers/stream than those who used well water, while there was no infection among those that obtained water from borehole. The study showed that there was no significant difference (P> 0.05) between infection and the study area, sex, age and occupation. However, there was a significant (P< 0.05) relationship between the infection and their source of water. Though there was low to none prevalence and intensity of S. haematobium in Gwong and Kabong respectively, there is need to intensify integrated control measures to reduce or completely eradicate the disease. © 2012 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Item Analysis of Copper Cable Types Commonly used in Nigeria for Electrical Wiring and Power Distribution(International Journal of Science and Technology, 2012-08) Ogherowo E. P.; Kwaha B. J.; Oyelade O. V.The compositional constituents of five (5) copper cable types labeled E1, E2, E3, E4 and E5 were determined using two (2) different test methods namely- X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRFS) and resistivity test with the main objective of ascertaining their purity, resistivity and conductivity features. These factors are expected to provide the clue as to why some cables of the same gauge manufactured by different companies fail under the same load conditions. Samples of the 5 cable brands of equal dimensions were grounded to fine powder and subjected to purity test by the XRFS method. Another set of similar samples were subjected to resistivity test. From the XRFS result, E1 had purity of 99.30%, E2, 99.10%, E3, 98.50%, E4, 99.20% and E5, 98.80%, while the resistivity tests revealed that the respective resistivity and conductivity values were: for E1 [2.324x10-9 Ω m and 430.29x106 (m)-1], E2 [3.921x10-9 Ω m and 255.04 x 106 (m)-1], E3 [2.689 x 10-9 Ω m and 371.89 x 106 (m)-1], E4 [2.614x10-9 Ω m and 382.56x106 (m)-1], and E5 [2.890x10-9 Ω m and 346.60 x 106 (m)-1]. Comparing these values to the standard resistivity value of pure copper [2.82 x 10-8 m], it would be seen that these results are in agreement with each other. The test methods used in this research could be used to test the purity of copper or any other metal suitable for domestic electrification before stretching into cables. It can also be used to determine the standard of copper products.Item A Study of Species Diversity and Distribution of Soil Macroarthropod Fauna In Irrigated Vegetable Plots in Jos South Local Government Area, Plateau State, Nigeria.(International Journal of Applied Research and Technology. Esxon Publishers, 2012-08-30) Mwansat, G. S; Njila, H. L; Levi, R. YA study on the species diversity and distribution of soil macroarthropod fauna in irrigated vegetable plots in Jos was carried out. Five sampling sites were selected based on the mass cultivation of four staple food crops: cabbage, maize, potatoes and carrots. A total of 981 soil macroarthropod were collected. Out of which 539(54.94%) were collected by pitfall traps and 442 (45.60%) were collected by hand capture technique 953 (97.12%) were adults while 28(2.85%) were juveniles. 11 orders and 19 families were identified. Unidentified families were termed, “others”. The Hymenoptera (37.3%), Coleoptera (24.5%) and Diplopoda (8.8%) were the dominant macroarthropod group, but the least dominant groups are Hemiptera (1.0%) and Chilopoda (2.0%). There was no significant difference (P>0.05) between macroarthropod collected by pitfall trap and those collected by hand capture technique. A significant difference (P<0.05) was observed between the juvenile and adult populations collected. Factors such as pH, soil temperature, fertilizer application, crop type, control methods influence the abundance and distribution of soil acroarthropod fauna. Data across sites showed that maize had highest abundance of 408 macroarthropod at 26.5OC while there was decline in cabbage with 183 at 27OC. However, a decrease to 187 at 26.7OC for carrot and increase to 203 macroarthropod at soil temperature of 27.8OC for potatoes was noted.Item APPLICATION OF TWO STEP CONTINUOUS HYBRID BUTCHER’S METHOD IN BLOCK FORM FOR THE SOLUTION OF FIRST ORDER INITIAL VALUE PROBLEM(Academic Research International, 2013) Y. S. Awari 1, A. A. Abada 2, P.M. Emma 3, N. M. KamohThe two steps Hybrid Butcher’s Method was reformulated for applications in the continuous form. The process produces some schemes which were combined in order to form an accurate and efficient block method for solution of ordinary differential equations (Ode’s). The suggested approach eliminates requirements for a starting value and its speed proved to be up when computations with the Block Discrete schemes were used. The order of accuracy and stability of the block method is discussed and its accuracy established numerically.Item ENHANCING THE TEACHER PROFESSION: KEY TO REVAMPING THE EDUCATION SECTOR IN NIGERIA(Academic Research International, 2013) N. M. Kamoh1 , L. S. Ughili2 , A. A. AbadaEducation is a living concept that continues to grow and develop on daily basis. The paper looked at necessary steps needed to enhance the teaching profession. Questionnaire was administered to 1000 males and females respondents. The data was analyzed using standard deviation method, the results (tables I & II) indicated high standard deviations (σ) of 38.16 and 107.83 respectively, revealing that, the factors are independent of one another. A number of challenges were identified and discussed. The research concluded with a number of far-fetched recommendations. Improved remunerations; regular payment of salaries and improved fringe benefits, among others can greatly motivate and enhance the teaching profession.Item Survey of Gastrointestinal Parasites of Non-Human Primates in Jos Zoological Garden(Dawet A, 2013) Dawet A; Yakubu DP; Butu HMAbstract Non-human primates (NHP) serve as important reservoirs of parasites that cause diseases to man as close interactions between humans and NHP create pathways for the transmission of zoonotic diseases. The aim of this study was to carry out a survey of the intestinal parasites of NHP in Jos Zoological garden. Stool samples were collected from thirty one (31) NHP and examined using direct wet mount, floatation and sedimentation methods. Of this, helminths and protozoa were recorded. Trichuris trichiura recorded the highest (58.06%) prevalence of the helminths, followed by hookworm and Ascaris lumbricoides which recorded prevalences of 38.71% and 19.35 % respectively. For the protozoan parasites recovered, Entamoeba coli was the most prevalent (93.55%) followed by Entamoeba histolytica/nuttali (74.19%), while Cyclospora spp recorded the least prevalence (12.90%). Among the NHP observed, baboons, chimpanzees and patas monkeys were infected at different levels with all the three helminths recorded while Mona and tantalus monkeys were only infected with T. trichiura and hookworm. The entire protozoans recorded were found in baboon and Tantalus monkeys while chimpanzees, mona and patas monkeys were infected with E. coli and E. histolytica/nuttali. Regular parasitological examination and treatment of NHP should be carried out to prevent zoonotic infection of zoo keepers and park visitorsItem Antibiogram of Bacteria Isolated from Locally Processed Cow Milk Products Sold in Keffi Metropolis, Nasarawa State, Nigeria(Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare, 2014) Makwin Danladi Makut; Mary Azumi Nyam; Tarfena Yoila Amapu; Abbul-Mutalib AhmedAn investigation was conducted to determine the antibiogram of bacterial species isolated from locally processed cow milk products sold in Keffi metropolis, Nasarawa state, Nigeria. Samples of the cow milk products, Raw milk, Nono, Kindrimo, and Manshanu, were each collected in triplicates from ten different sales locations in Keffi, and analyzed using standard bacteriological methods. Pour plate technique was employed for the isolation of bacteria from these cow milk products. The isolates were identified using cultural, morphological and biochemical methods, and thereafter the antibiotic susceptibility of each isolate was determined by modified Kirby Bauer diffusion method. Bacterial counts for Raw milk, Nono, Kindrimo and Manshanu were respectively in the range of 3.2×10^8 - 6.9×10^8, 8.1× 108 - 2.70×10^9, 7.3×10^8 – 9.8.×10^9 and 5.8×10^8 - 5.2×10^9. The bacterial species isolated were Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp, Streptococcus spp. and E. coli with overall occurrence frequencies of 50%, 20%, 17.5% and 12.5%, respectively. E. coli was highly resistant to Septrin (80.2%), Sarfloxacin (75.3%) and Erythromycin (90.2%). Salmonella species was also highly resistant to Septrin (71.4%), Chloramphenicol (71.4%), Sparfloxacin (85.7%) and Erythromycin (71.4%). Similarly, Staphylococcus aureus was highly resistant to Septrin (75%), Chloramphenicol (75.4%), Sparfloxacin (87.5%), Amoxacillin (75.4%) and Augmentin (87.5%), while Streptococcus spp was highly resistant to Chloramphenicol (80.1%), Sparfloxacin (80.1%) and Augmentin (80%). These isolates may have developed resistance due to indiscriminate and frequent use of antibiotics which has now put the consumers of these milk products at risk of being infected with antibiotic resistant strains of pathogenic bacteria.Item HIGH ORDER A-STABLE BLOCK ETR2s AND THEIR APPLICATION TO SYSTEM OF FIRST ORDER ODES(Leena and Luna International, Chikusei, Japan, 2014) Awari, Y.S.; Garba, E.J.D.; Kumleng, G.MAn eighth order block Extended Trapezoidal Rule of Second kind (ETR2s) is presented for the numerical integration of stiff system of first-order ordinary differential equations. In the derivation process, we adopt the power series approach which leads to a system of equations that would be solved simultaneously in block form to generate approximate solution for the differential equations. The stability properties of the method are also presented. Some test, reported to emphasize pros and cons of the method.Item Antiplasmodial Efficacy of Stem Bark Extracts of Pseudocedrela kotschyi in Mice Infected with Plasmodium berghei berghei(British Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2014-01-12) Dawet, A.; Yakubu, D. P.Aims: To evaluate the antiplasmodial efficacy of stem bark extracts of P. kotschyi against P. berghei berghei in mice. Study Design: Extraction and administration of plant extracts and evaluation of daily parasitaemia of infected mice. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmacognosy; Animal House. Department of Pharmacology and Department of Zoology, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria, between June, 2008 and November, 2011. Methodology: Dry zone cedar (Pseudocedrela kotschyi) Family: Meliaceae, stem bark powder was successively extracted using ethyl acetate, ethanol and aqueous solvents. A total of one hundred and twenty mice for each extract (ethanol, ethyl acetate and aqueous) were divided into three groups of forty mice per each test (suppressive, curative and prophylactic). They were inoculated with drug sensitive NK 65 Plasmodium berghei berghei. In each test animals were divided into five groups, each consisted of eight animals and treated separately with one of the following: 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg extracts, chloroquine / pyrimethamine and normal saline. Blood films were prepared and examined, and the changes in percentage parasitaemia were evaluated. Results: The ethanol, ethyl acetate and aqueous crude extracts of P. kotschyi at 200 mg/kg significantly (P=.05) inhibited the parasitaemia by 39.43%, 26.99% and 28.36% respectively in the suppressive test. Ethanol and ethyl acetate crude extracts also showedsignificant (p=.05) cure rate of 29.17 % and 20.28 % respectively. However there was no significant (p>.05) reduction in parasitaemia load in the prophylactic tests. Conclusion: The results of the study showed that P. kotschyi stem bark indeed has antiplasmodial propertyItem Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of bacteria isolated from Zobo drinks sold in Keffi, Nigeria(Malaysian Journal of Microbiology,, 2014-03-03) Danladi Makut Makwin; Ify Ogbonna Abigail; Joseph Okwori Ameh-Eley; Eleojo Abubakar AishaAims: This study is aimed to determine the susceptibility pattern of some bacteria isolated from Zobo drink sold in Keffi Metropolis, Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Zobo drink is a locally produced indigenous non-alcoholic beverage that is prepared by boiling the flower calyx of Hibiscus sabdarifa. Methodology and results: Standard microbiological methods were employed to isolate bacteria from Zobo drink sold in Keffi metropolis, Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Samples of Zobo drink were collected from ten (10) different locations and their total bacterial counts were determined using standard methods involving CFU count. The antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the bacterial isolates was determined using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. The bacterial counts of the Zobo in the ten different locations range from 3.0 x 108 to 8.6 x 108 CFU/mL. Four species of bacteria were isolated and identified by standard microbiological methods. The isolates with their percentage occurrence frequencies were Enterobacter aerogenes (70%), Escherichia coli (60%), Staphylococcus aureus (30%) and Streptococcus spp. (20%) respectively.The antibiotic susceptibility pattern revealed that Escherichia coli had high resistance to Chloramphenicol (75%), followed by Septrin (68.7%) and Sparfloxacin (68.7%), while Enterobacter aerogenes, Streptococcus spp. and Staphylococcus aureus had low resistance to all the antibiotics tested. E. coli had very high sensitivity to Pefloxacin (100%), Gentamicin (88%), Amoxicillin (88%), Augmentin (75%), Tarivid (68.7%) and Streptomycin (68.7%). Streptococus spp. are the most susceptible isolates which had 100% sensitivity to Septrin, Chloramphenicol, Amoxicillin, Gentamicin and Pefloxacinrespctively; and this was followed by Staphylococcus aureus which had 100% sensitivity to Chloramphenicol, Amoxicillin, Augmentin and Tarivid respectively. Conclusion, significance and impact study: The antibiotic resistance pattern exhibited by E. coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Streptococcus spp. and Staphylococcus aureus isolated from the Zobo sold in Keffi are indicative of possible abuse of the use of antibiotics, and this has serious health implications. The results further demonstrated that Zobo sold in Keffi within the period of this study had contaminant bacteria including potentially pathogenic species and this can lead to failures in antibiotic chemotherapy among consumers of Zobo.Item Human Age Estimation: Use of Doppler Ultrasound Blood Velocity Measurement in the Human Carotid Artery(2015) Pam, S.D; Dakok, K.K; Sirisena; Gadong U.A.I; E.P; Taddy, E.N.; Chagok N.M.DAbstract Assessment of a living person’s age has gained prominence due to its numerous applicability: suspected criminals with no reliable records of identification where verifying age is essential for determining legal and/or financial responsibility; adults from developing nations with no reliable certificates or documents and falsification of age in order to merit appointments or participate in sporting events are a few to mention. In this work, the Peak Systolic Velocity (PSV) and End Diastolic Velocity (EDV) on the right and left Common Carotid Arteries were measured with the LOGIQ 5 EXPERT Ultrasound Machine using the technique of Doppler Ultrasound Velocity Measurement of blood flow in the carotid arteries of 50 volunteers (25 males and 25 females) whose blood pressures were taken. Use of The IBM SPSS shows that the Right Peak Systolic Velocity and Left End Diastolic Velocity were unrelated to the blood pressure for the hypertensive, pre-hypertensive and the non-hypertensive groups. However, results show that the Right End Diastolic Velocity (REDV) is positively correlated with age , while the Right Peak Systolic Velocity (RPSV) is negatively correlated with age both indicating that the age of an individual could be estimated.Item DESIGN OF A RENEWABLE ENERGY OUTPUT PREDICTION SYSTEM FOR 1000mW SOLAR-WIND HYBRID POWER PLANT.(INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH SCIENCE & MANAGEMENT, 2015-08) Ogherohwo E.P; Barnabas.B; Alemika.T.EProblems associated with non-renewable energy sources such as fossil fuels make it necessary to move to cleaner renewable energy sources such as wind and solar. But the wind and sun are both intermittent sources of energy therefore accurate forecasts of wind and solar power are necessary to ensure the safety, stability and economy of utilizing these resources in large scale power generation. In this study, five meteorological parameters namely Temperature, Rainfall, Dew Point, Relative Humidity and Cloud Cover were collected for the year 2012 and used to predict wind and solar power output in Jos, Nigeria. The study used prediction algorithms such as Regression techniques and Artificial Neural Networks to predict the output of a 1000mW Solar-Wind Hybrid Power Plant over a period of one year. Individual prediction techniques were compared and Isotonic Regression was found to have the highest accuracy with errors of 40.5% in predicting solar power generation and 35.4% in predicting wind power generation. The relatively high levels of error are attributed to several limitations of the research work.Item Molecular Detection of Virulent Salmonella Strains in Commercially Sold Meat in Jos Metropolis, North-Central Nigeria.(2016) Anejo-Okopi AJ; Adeniyi DS; Audu O; , Okojokwu OJ; Zumbes JH; Okechalu J; Augustine BB; Ali M; Akindigh TM; Lar MPMeat and different meat products are known to harbour myriads of pathogenic microbial organisms; and the deleterious effects of this microbial contamination is now a major cause for public health concern globally. 120 different meat products were randomly selected from thirteen different locations in the Jos Metropolis of North-Central Nigeria for this study. Microbiological culture and repeated sub-cultures yields 20/120 (16.7%) pure Salmonella isolates; with 17/20 (85%) of the pure Salmonella isolates testing positive for the Salmonella invA virulence gene after PCR amplification, and these were also biochemically confirmed to be pathogenic. 35/120 (29.2%) pure isolates of Escherichia coli was also obtained after repeated culture in EMB. The PCR product which was visualized in 1.5% w/v agarose gel stained with ethidium bromide is a DNA fragment of 280bp. This study shows that there is a high prevalence of pathogenic and virulent Salmonella species in the study area. This may not be unassociated with the poor hygiene practices among meat handlers in the study area. It is thus concluded that the traditional microbiological methods of culture and biochemical testing are very effective in detecting pathogenic Salmonella strains. However, the use of molecular methods of detection remains the most sensitive and the most specific in the detection of both pathogenic and virulent Salmonella strains.Item C++ Codes for the Implementation of Determining and Controllability Matrices, Cardinality and Controllability Rank Conditions for A Class of Double - Delay Control Systems(International Journal of Engineering Science and Computing, 2016-06) Ukwu Chukwunenye; Obiorah MmachiAs dictated by practical exigencies, this research article designed and developed extensive C++ codes for the implementation of determining matrices, controllability matrices, cardinality and controllability rank conditions, for a class of double - delay control systems, thereby averting the prohibitive manual computations associated with such mathematical objects. With these results, the interrogation of the controllability disposition of this class of functional differential control systems can be accomplished with astounding swiftness, in turn, providing the much desired implementation paradigm shift.Item Geotechnical investigations for infrastructural development: A case study of Daki Biyu District, Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, Central Nigeria(Journal of Geology and Mining Research, 2016-08) Lekmang, I. C; Daku, S. S; Yenne, E. Y; Wazoh, H. N; Goyit, M. P.The geotechnical properties of Daki Biyu district in the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, Nigeria was investigated to ascertain the suitability of the sub-surface soil to support massive infrastructure such as high rise building and industries that might be carried out in the future. The particle size distribution shows that the soil is predominantly sandy-clay to sandy-gravels. The plasticity indices suggest low to medium compressibility while the co-efficient of volume change (Mv) and the coefficient of consolidation (Cv) are generally low for most of the pressure ranges. The average allowable bearing capacity values of 150 kN/m2 -240 kN/m2 and an average of 460 kN/m2 -700 kN/m2 for the ultimate bearing capacity agrees with the national building code (1983) for safe bearing capacity for cohesion less soils. The sub-surface soils were found to possess good geotechnical properties that are capable of supporting infrastructural development.Item Computational Analysis of Cross Polarization on KU-Band Satellite Links over Jos, Nigeria(FUPRE Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, 2017) Aminu Ibrahim; Durodola O.M; Ogherohwo E.P; Taddy E. N.; Zhimwang Jangfa T.This paper presents the computational analysis of cross polarization on KU-Band satellite links. The depolarization effects on satellite links are described in terms of cross polar discrimination (XDP). The differential phase shifts mainly responsible for causing depolarization at Ku-band due to scattering by spheroidal raindrops wascomputed. Simultaneous analyses of sample data from Kuband, EUTELSALAT (W4/W7) satellite beacon footprint at a frequency of 12.245 GHZ and elevation angle of 036 0 E over Jos (9.8965 0 N, 8.8583 0 E, 1192M) were analyzed. Also the distribution of one minute rain rate obtained from Davis Vantage Vue Integrated Sensors Suites (ISS) weather station was computed. These data were applied to the ITU-R procedure in recommendation 618-12(ITU-R, 2015) to estimate the cross polarization discrimination due to rain on earth satellite path. The results shows that XPD at lowervalue imply very high incidences and cross talks are expected in the region. As such frequency re-use is difficult in Jos, Nigeria.
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