Faculty of Natural Sciences

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3D Seismic and Structural Analysis of Middle Agbada Reservoir Sand, Offshore Niger Delta, Nigeria
(Journal of Geography, Environment and Earth Science International, 2019) Obasuyi F. O.; Abiola. O; Egbokhar o.j; Ifanegan A. S; Ekere J. I.
The interpretation of 3D seismic and well logs data from ‘SUYI’ Field reveal that the reservoir sand is in the parallic sequence of the Agbada Formation and also typical structural features of the Niger Delta, namely: The roll over anticline and growth fault with a promising good hydrocarbon accumulation. In this paper, 3D seismic data and well logs data were interpreted and analyse to delineate potential reservoirs and map structures favourable to hydrocarbon accumulation, this will aid further exploration activities within the field of study. Two reservoir sands were delineated from the well logs using gamma ray logs for the lithology identification and resistivity logs for the fluid content identification. Seven faults (F1, F2, F3, F4, F5, F6, and F7) were delineated while three horizons (Horizon 1, 2 and 3) were picked across the seismic section. Most of the major faults delineated in the area trends east-west, cutting across the low structure area. The generated time and depth structure maps shows the area is characterized by low structural features but some high anticlinal structures were observed at different flanks on the maps generated, these areas are likely to be good prospect for the accumulation of hydrocarbon
Accumulation of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBS) in Soil and Water from Electrical Transformers Installation Sites in Selected Locations in Jos Metropolis, Plateau State, Nigeria
(Journal of Environmental & Analytical Toxicology, 2018-04-15) Ibrahim E. G.; Gushit J. S.; Salami S. J.
Soil and water samples from surroundings of selected Electricity Transformer installations belonging to the Jos Electricity Distribution (JED) Plc, Jos were analyzed for different congeners of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) widely used as coolants. The EPA 3550 and 3510 methods were used for the sampling, preparation and extraction of the soil and water samples respectively. The extracts were cleaned up using column chromatography packed with silica gel (120 mesh). Thereafter, it was concentrated for characterization and quantification using Gas Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectroscopy Detector (GC-MSD). Fifteen (15) congeners were identified and quantified in the soil samples. The result obtained shows C52 to have the highest concentration with the value of 5.84 mg/kg. The range for the concentrations of the various congeners identified are: C18 (0.00-0.05 mg/kg), C20 (0.27-0.70 mg/kg), C28 (0.28-0.39 mg/kg), C29 (0.28-0.39 mg/kg), C44 (0.15-0.54 mg/kg), C52 (0.09-5.84 mg/kg), C101 (0.38-0.51 mg/kg), C137 (0. 45-1.79 mg/kg), C142 (0.00-0.55 mg/kg), C153 (0.37-1.20 mg/kg), C170 (0.15-1.59 mg/kg), C180 (0.00-0.47 mg/kg) and C194 (0.00-0.32 mg/kg). Similarly, for the water samples only C20, C28, C29, C101, C105 and C153 were identified and quantified. The result shows C153 having the highest concentration with the value of 0.57 mg/l followed by C105 (0.48 mg/l), C101 (0.37 mg/l), C28 and C29 have same concentration of 0.28 mg/l. From thirty samples analyzed, the result of the soils is below the Canadian Reference maximum allowable limit while that of water has some values higher than the recommended allowable limit. The studies showed various concentrations are link with ages of Transformer installation, as those installed earlier had more congeners with higher concentrations than the recent ones.
Analysis of Copper Cable Types Commonly used in Nigeria for Electrical Wiring and Power Distribution
(International Journal of Science and Technology, 2012-08) Ogherowo E. P.; Kwaha B. J.; Oyelade O. V.
The compositional constituents of five (5) copper cable types labeled E1, E2, E3, E4 and E5 were determined using two (2) different test methods namely- X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRFS) and resistivity test with the main objective of ascertaining their purity, resistivity and conductivity features. These factors are expected to provide the clue as to why some cables of the same gauge manufactured by different companies fail under the same load conditions. Samples of the 5 cable brands of equal dimensions were grounded to fine powder and subjected to purity test by the XRFS method. Another set of similar samples were subjected to resistivity test. From the XRFS result, E1 had purity of 99.30%, E2, 99.10%, E3, 98.50%, E4, 99.20% and E5, 98.80%, while the resistivity tests revealed that the respective resistivity and conductivity values were: for E1 [2.324x10-9 Ω m and 430.29x106 (m)-1], E2 [3.921x10-9 Ω m and 255.04 x 106 (m)-1], E3 [2.689 x 10-9 Ω m and 371.89 x 106 (m)-1], E4 [2.614x10-9 Ω m and 382.56x106 (m)-1], and E5 [2.890x10-9 Ω m and 346.60 x 106 (m)-1]. Comparing these values to the standard resistivity value of pure copper [2.82 x 10-8  m], it would be seen that these results are in agreement with each other. The test methods used in this research could be used to test the purity of copper or any other metal suitable for domestic electrification before stretching into cables. It can also be used to determine the standard of copper products.
Analysis of the Characteristics of Monthly Rainfall Pattern in Katsina
(Physical Science International Journal, 2019-03-29) Emmanuel Vezua Tikyaa; Francis Oladele Anjorin; Emmanuel Joseph
Aims: This paper seeks to analyse the characteristics of monthly rainfall pattern in Katsina City in a view to unveiling the trends and describing its dynamics so that adequate recommendations can be made for its modelling. Study Design: The analysis involves a complete statistical, trend, spectral and nonlinear analysis of the monthly rainfall time series recorded in Katsina. Place and Duration of Study: Location: Katsina City, Katsina State, Nigeria from 1990 to 2015; a period of 26 years. Methodology: Secondary data of daily rainfall recorded in Katsina city from 1990 to 2015 was collected from the Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NiMet), and monthly averages were taken to obtain the monthly rainfall data. The data was then subjected to statistical, trend, spectral and nonlinear analysis techniques to reveal the behavioural patterns in the rainfall and also to reveal its underlying dynamics for its future modelling and prediction. Results: The outcome of this analysis indicates that the monthly rainfall in Katsina exhibits an increasing trend with high variance and right-skewed distribution requiring a maximum of 6 independent variables to model its dynamics. The correlation exponent plot reached a saturation value of 5.892 confirming that the monthly rainfall in Katsina over the last 26 years exhibits low dimensional chaotic behavior while the largest Lyapunov exponent for the monthly rainfall time series in Katsina was also computed and found to be positive, having a value of 0.006055/month confirming the presence of deterministic chaos dynamics and is predictable for the next 165 months. Conclusion: Since from the findings of this work it is confirmed that the rainfall in Katsina exhibits chaotic behavior with an increasing trend, it is recommended that more drainages and dams be built to provide steady supply of water for agricultural and domestic purposes as well as curtail the menace of flooding and drought which may occur as a result of global warming and climate change.
Computational Analysis of Cross Polarization on KU-Band Satellite Links over Jos, Nigeria
(FUPRE Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, 2017) Aminu Ibrahim; Durodola O.M; Ogherohwo E.P; Taddy E. N.; Zhimwang Jangfa T.
This paper presents the computational analysis of cross polarization on KU-Band satellite links. The depolarization effects on satellite links are described in terms of cross polar discrimination (XDP). The differential phase shifts mainly responsible for causing depolarization at Ku-band due to scattering by spheroidal raindrops wascomputed. Simultaneous analyses of sample data from Kuband, EUTELSALAT (W4/W7) satellite beacon footprint at a frequency of 12.245 GHZ and elevation angle of 036 0 E over Jos (9.8965 0 N, 8.8583 0 E, 1192M) were analyzed. Also the distribution of one minute rain rate obtained from Davis Vantage Vue Integrated Sensors Suites (ISS) weather station was computed. These data were applied to the ITU-R procedure in recommendation 618-12(ITU-R, 2015) to estimate the cross polarization discrimination due to rain on earth satellite path. The results shows that XPD at lowervalue imply very high incidences and cross talks are expected in the region. As such frequency re-use is difficult in Jos, Nigeria.
DESIGN OF A RENEWABLE ENERGY OUTPUT PREDICTION SYSTEM FOR 1000mW SOLAR-WIND HYBRID POWER PLANT.
(INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH SCIENCE & MANAGEMENT, 2015-08) Ogherohwo E.P; Barnabas.B; Alemika.T.E
Problems associated with non-renewable energy sources such as fossil fuels make it necessary to move to cleaner renewable energy sources such as wind and solar. But the wind and sun are both intermittent sources of energy therefore accurate forecasts of wind and solar power are necessary to ensure the safety, stability and economy of utilizing these resources in large scale power generation. In this study, five meteorological parameters namely Temperature, Rainfall, Dew Point, Relative Humidity and Cloud Cover were collected for the year 2012 and used to predict wind and solar power output in Jos, Nigeria. The study used prediction algorithms such as Regression techniques and Artificial Neural Networks to predict the output of a 1000mW Solar-Wind Hybrid Power Plant over a period of one year. Individual prediction techniques were compared and Isotonic Regression was found to have the highest accuracy with errors of 40.5% in predicting solar power generation and 35.4% in predicting wind power generation. The relatively high levels of error are attributed to several limitations of the research work.
Estimation of the Long-Term Propagation Losses Due To Rain On Microwave Satellite Links Over Jos, Nigeria
(FUPRE Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, 2018) J.T.Zhimwang; Ogherohwo E.p; Igbekele O. J
This paper presents the estimation of long term propagation losses due to rain on microwave satellite links over Jos. Data were retrieved from the National Space Research and Development Agency (NASRDA) Abuja, Nigeria. The data collected was rainfall rate (mm/h) for theperiod of three year (2015–2017) over Jos. Results were obtained based on the exceedance distribution frequency of percentage time (%) and cumulative distribution of one- minute rain rate which revealed that higher rainfall rate (above 100 mm/hr) account for about 0.01 and 0.001% time ofexceedance and it is during such times that maximum propagation losses due to rainfall is significant and can be best estimated.
Evaluation of the Effects of Aqueous Whole Plant Extract of Lepidium sativum L. (Brassicaceae) on some Biochemical and Hematological Parameters in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats
(Journal National Production Plant Resource, 2018) Olotu I.A; Luka C.D; Olotu P.N
Lepidium sativum is widely accepted in folkloric medicine to be effective in the treatment of diabetic mellitus among the Hausa dwellers in Jos North Local Area of Plateau State, Nigeria yet, there was no scientific evidence to support this claim. This study was carried out to evaluate some biochemical and haematological parameters that could be used to determine the antidiabetic activity of the aqueous extract of Lepidium sativum whole plant in both normal and streptozocin-induced diabetic rats. After the safety of the plant was established using LD50, Streptozotocin-induced diabetic and non-diabetic rats were administered with aqueous extract of the whole plant at 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/ kg body weight through intragastric tube for four weeks. There was a statistically significant (p<0.05) reduction in the level of blood glucose of the rats as compared to the normal control after administration with respect to the biochemical and hematological parameters analysed. The results from this study suggest that the aqueous extract of the whole plant possesses some hypoglycemic properties and could have potential to be used as antidiabetic.
Evaluation of the Implementation of Undergraduate General Studies Entrepreneurship Curriculum in Federal Universities in North-Central Geo-Political Zone, Nigeria
(CREATIVE RESEARCH PUBLISHING, 2019-07-24) Hulda Maxwell Davwet; Dorah Nanman Damar; Meshach Gomam Goyit; Yakubu Gorah Kajang
The study evaluated the Implementation of Undergraduate Entrepreneurship Curriculum in Federal Universities in North Central Geo-Political Zone, Nigeria. The study was aimed at finding out the level of the implementation of the GST entrepreneurship education in federal universities in Nigeria and how it has equipped the undergraduate students with the necessary entrepreneurship skills that would enable them to practice after graduation. Four research questions and two hypotheses were raised for the study. A cross-sectional survey research design was used for the study. The population of the study constituted of seven federal universities in the study area 14 directors, 49 GST lecturers and 25,087 final year (400 levels) undergraduate students. The sample size of the study consisted of five federal universities, 10 Directors (including five GST Directors & five Entrepreneurship Directors), 29 GST lecturers and 1826 final year (400 levels) undergraduate students using multi-stage sampling technique. The instruments for data collection were structured Undergraduate General Studies Entrepreneurship Curriculum Implementation Questionnaires (UGSECIQ) which were sub-divided into three sections for: directors, lecturers and students. Content validity was established on the questionnaire by three experts, each from Curriculum Studies, Business Management and Measurement and Evaluation from the University of Jos. A reliability coefficient of 0.890, 0.901 and 0.957 for the directors, lecturers and students’ responses respectively were obtained through Cronbach Alpha. The data obtained for the research questions were analysed using mean, standard deviation and simple percentage while chi-square for independent samples and ANOVA were used for testing the hypotheses using SPSS version 21.0. The results of the findings revealed that the implementation process of the undergraduate GST entrepreneurship education was constrained by inadequate funding to procure learning materials and facilities for equipping the entrepreneurship centres of the universities. It was recommended based on the finding that the universities management through the National Universities Commission (NUC) collaborates with Industrial Training Fund (ITF), Petroleum Trust Funds (PTF) and Tertiary Educational Trust Fund (TET-Funds) to access funds to sponsor entrepreneurship education programme of the universities. Also, universities management should collaborate with successful private entrepreneurs within its vicinity and outside for sponsorship of entrepreneurship activities in the universities by so doing will reduce underfunding of the programme in the universities.
MOBILITY AND BIOAVAILABILITY OF HEAVY METALS IN SOILS OBTAINED FROM OPEN-AIR AUTOMOBILE REPAIR SHOP IN JOS NORTH LGA, PLATEAU STATE, NIGERIA
(Ewemen Journal of Analytical & Environmental Chemistry, 2019-03) GUSHIT J.S.; OMADEFU K.O.; EGILA J.N.
In this work, the forms of Cadmium (Cd), Lead (Pb), Zinc (Zn), Copper (Cu) and Nickel (Ni) were determined in soil samples from four automobile maintenance and repair shops (garages) within Jos North LGA of Plateau State. Samples were collected from four different garages namely; Army Engineer (site A), Angwan Rukuba (site B), Farin Gada (site C) and Tudun Wada (site D). The samples collected were prepared and analyzed for the various forms (exchangeable, reducible, oxidizable and residual) of the heavy metals using the Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) sequential extraction techniques and detected using an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The result showed Zn concentration as highest in all the sites with an average of 37.62±0.03 mg/kg, followed by Pb with average concentration of 3.38±0.01 mg/kg, CU and Ni with average values of 2.03±0.01 mg/kg and 0.18±0.00 mg/kg respectively. Cd was only found to be in the exchangeable form at site D and below the detectable limit in sites A, B, and C. However, Cu was more associated to the exchangeable forms in sites C and D while in sites A and B it was associated with the oxidizable and residual forms, respectively. The residual form of Ni was highest in all the sites while the reducible form showed highest for Pb. Zn was more associated with the exchangeable fraction in all the sites except site A which has more of the residual form. Zn and Cu were found to be mobile and bioavailable in all the sites while Ni was not. However, Pb was mobile and bioavailable in sites B and D, while Cd was only bioavailable in site D. The individual contamination factor (ICF) was highest for Cu, followed by Zn and Pb. This suggests higher risk of Zn, Cu and Pb pollution in garage soils. The work recommends in the immediate run that both in-situ and ex-situ remediation techniques be used to rectify the heavy metal contamination in this sites.
Parasitic Infection of Edible Terrestrial Gastropods in Benue and Plateau States, North-Central Nigeria
(2022) Adeleke Ezekiel Abayomi; Otokpa Ocha Juliet
An alternative to red meat due to cholesterol level has made large terrestrial snails a target. they could serve as a good replacement and source of protein but their mode of life especially feeding and locomotion makes them prone to parasitic infections. This study was aimed at investigating the parasitic infection of edible terrestrial snails in relation to specie in some parts of North-Central Nigeria. a total of 579 edible land snails were collected during the wet and dry seasons. Seven snail species belonging to three generals were identified. Out of the 579 collected snails, 447 (77.20%) were positive for parasitic infections. All infected snails showed multiple infections. Infection rates of 82.88%, 77.69%, 67.12% and 53.85% were recorded from Agila, Jos, Utonkon and Wadata respectively. However, no significant difference in snail infection in relation to location. (χ2= , p > 0.05). Parasitic infection of snail species revealed that A. fulica was most infected (90.10%), this was followed by L. flammea (79.31%), A. marginata (77.42%), A. saturalis (75.58%). L. aurora (74.73%), A. achatina (72.09%) and A. ovum (65.39%). No significant difference was observed amongst snail species infection (p > 0.05). S. stercoralis recorded 100% infection rate in all snails, A. cantonensis 76.73%, while Entamoeba sp. recorded the least (1.70%). Different parasites were also recovered from in the tissues/organs of the snails bserved. Public awareness on the public health implications of consuming terrestrial snails should be emphasized by public health workers especially when eaten raw or undercooked. Snail farms should be encouraged rather than consumption of snails gotten from the wild.
Prevalence of Cryptosporidium Infection among HIV-1 Infected Adult Patients Attending Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria
(UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research, 2017-06-01) Anejo-Okopi, A. Joseph; Ejeliogu, U. Emeka; Gomerep, Simji; Okojokwu, O. Julius; Okechalu, Juliet; Oguchukwu, C. Sandra; Lar, M. Patricia
Cryptosporidium is a leading cause of chronic diarrhea in HIV-1infected patients, but there is paucity of data on the prevalence of Cryptosporidium and factors associated with the infection. We determined the prevalence and factors associated with Cryptosporidium infection among HIV-1 infected adult patients at Jos University Teaching hospital, Jos, Nigeria. A cross-sectional study in which a total of 296 fecal specimens from HIV-1 infected patients with diarrhea was collected and structured questionnaire was used to collect demographic and clinical data. The fecal samples were examined for Cryptosporidium by formal-ether concentration and modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining technique, and the oocysts identified by microscopy. Two hundred and ninety six fecal samples where analyze from156 (52.7%) females and 140(47.3%) males. The prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection among HIV-1 infected patients was 4.7%. Among females 9 (5.8%) had Cryptosporidium infection while (5)3.6% in males; P=0.696. The age group 21-30 years had the highest prevalence of (8)10.0%. A statistically significant association of Cryptosporidium infection was observed with rural type of residence, P=0.046. In conclusion the prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection among HIV-1 infected adult patients with diarrhea was low. This may be due to early commencement of antiretroviral drugs and the use of anti-parasitic prophylaxis among the patients. Further larger studies on the molecular identification of the species of Cryptosporidium are needed to determine the available zoonotic strains.
Prevalence of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg) and Hepatitis B Antibodies among Commercial Motor Park Workers in Jos North, Nigeria
(Saudi Journal of Pathology and Microbiology, 2019-03-31) Nkup Jude Yunzoom; Ocheme Julius; Sule Jesinta; David Samirah; Cirfat Nanya; Otobo Innocent; Anejo-Okopi Joseph
Although there are several reports on the prevalence of HBsAg in Nigeria, there is paucity of data on the prevalence of HBsAg and HBAb among motor park workers in the country. Objective: This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors among commercial Motor park workers in Jos, Nigeria. Methods: One hundred and thirty one (131) commercially motor park Workers who consented to take part in this study were recruited. Aseptically, 5ml of venous blood was collected from each participant and screened for HBsAg and HBAbs markers using one step, rapid chromatographic immunoassay and associated risk factors using structured questionnaire which was voluntarily completed by the participants and the data were thereafter analysed. Results: Of the 131 participants, 105 were males and 26 females with age range between 16-75 years. An overall HBsAg seropositivity of 16.8% and HBAbs positivity of 74.8% were observed. On multivariate analysis, factors such as multiple sexual partners: HBsAg (35.0%), anti-HBs (10.0%), anti-HBe (20.0%) and anti-HBc (35.0%); history of surgery: HBsAg (64.3%), anti-HBs (21.4%), anti-HBe (7.1%) and anti-HBc (7.1); lack of condom usage: HBsAg (15.7%) anti-HBs (28.7%), anti-HBe (18.3%) and anti-HBc (27.8%) were among some determinants of HBV infection in this study. Conclusion: The data results suggest high prevalence of HBV among this mobile group of people;, and with the increasing number of individuals and corporate bodies engaged in one or more activities at motor parks, there is the need for deliberate efforts for preventive measures.
Seroprevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Toxoplasma Gondii Infection among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care in Plateau State Specialist Hospital, Jos, Nigeria
(International Journal of Innovation Scientific Research and Review, 2021) DANUAN, M.B.; DAKUL, A.D.; ADELEKE, E.A.; LUMI, E.B; CHUNDUNG, N.D
Toxoplasmosis has been famously described as a cosmopolitan disease caused by the zoonotic parasite known as Toxoplasma gondii with the capacity to induce miscarriage and congenital defects during pregnancy. Despite its public health significance, there is a dearth of information about the epidemiology of the infection in pregnant women in Nigeria, consequently this study aimed to determine the burden and risk factors associated with T. gondii infection in pregnant women attending Ante-Natal Clinic (ANC) at Plateau State Specialist Hospital, Jos, Nigeria.3mls venous blood was collected from 268 pregnant women within the reproductive age groups of 15 to 50 years. Structured questionnaire was used to obtain demographic and Toxoplasma infection risk related data. Sera were assayed using a commercial ELISA kit (Novo Tec Immunodiagnostica® Germany). 46 out of the 268 women were positive with an overall prevalence rate of 17.16%. The highest prevalence was recorded among women within the age group ≤20 years (28.00%), urban settlers (18.18%), women in their second trimester 18.75%, those who owned cats (25.00%) and those who have contacts with cat’s faeces (29.10`%). There was a significant association (p < 0.05) between the prevalence of T.gondiiantibodies (IgG) with age, ethnic group and blood transfusion history. While other factors show no significant relationship (p>0.05). Asymptomatic Toxoplasmosisis common amongst pregnant women thus it is imperative for policy makers and caregivers to consider introducing routine screening of toxoplasmosis especially as part of antenatal program for pregnant women.