Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://irepos.unijos.edu.ng/handle/123456789/11297

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    Prescription patterns of antimalarial medicines in selected primary health care (PHC) facilities of Jos north local government area (LGA) of plateau state, Nigeria
    (European Journal of Biotechnology and Bioscience, 2019) Nanloh S Jimam; Wetkos D Dayom; Micah Y Jingina; Umar D Mohammed
    Objectives: The high prevalence of malaria in sub-Saharan Africa has been linked to irrational treatment practices. The present study evaluates prescription patterns of antimalarial drugs in PHC facilities of Jos North LGA of Plateau state, North-Central Nigeria. Materials and methods: Nine hundred (900) patients’ data were extracted retrospectively using Patients’ Medication Review Form (PMRF), and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. Results: Out of 900 patients that were treated for the disease in the selected primary healthcare facilities, majority (61.2%) were female and artemether lumefantrine combination was the most prescribed drug (28.7%) by the prescribers, followed by paracetamol (26.2%) as co-medication. The average number of drugs per prescription was 5.33±0.58 (Mean ±SD). The result indicated irrational prescription practices by the prescribers based on the observed poly pharmacy practices (5.33±0.58 (Mean ±SD)), prescription by generic (66.4%), and inclusion of injectables (18.0%), while their use of antibiotics (21.5%) and prescription from essential drug list were in accordance with the WHO/INRUD optimal levels. Conclusion: The result shows irrational prescription practices in the PHC facilities as there were high practices of poly-pharmacy, poor prescription by generics, and unnecessary inclusion of injectable in patients’ regimens
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    EFFECT OF COTRIMOXAZOLE PROPHYLAXIS IN HIV-1 INFECTED PATIENTS ATTENDING JOS UNIVERSITY TEACHING HOSPITAL
    (IJPSR, 2011) K. D. Falang; N. S. Jimam; J. Idoko; M. O. Uguru
    Many chemo prophylactic approaches to manage or prevent opportunistic infections using many drugs have been reported. Based on the reported cases of chemo prophylactic approaches to manage opportunistic infections, the effect of Cotrimoxazole on HIV patients was studied. Seventy two patients with CD4+ cell counts ≤ 350cells/µl were recruited for the study. Each patient received cotrimoxazole two single strength tablets (2 x 480mg) three times a week. The patients were followed for a period of six months during which time data was collected at month 1, month 3 and month 6. The results showed that dermatological, gastrointestinal and respiratory as well as other bacterial related infections were considerably reduced in these patients during the six month period of the study. Being a drug that is cheap, readily available and not requiring any special storage and handling conditions, cotrimoxazole could be considered as a good prophylactic agent in the management of HIV/AIDS disease in resource limited settings such as ours.
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    Development and validation of instrument for assessing patients’ knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) on uncomplicated malaria management
    (CrossMark., 2019) Nanloh S. Jimam; Nahlah E. Ismail; Maxwell L. P. Dapar
    Objectives: To develop and validate patients’ knowledge, attitudes, and practice instrument for uncomplicated malaria (PKAPIUM). Material and Methods: A draft PKAPIUM scale was developed after the review of relevant literature and malaria treatment guidelines, and six experts validated its content. Monte Carlo simulation principle was followed in arriving at 300 patients populations whose data were used to reduce the items based on “Kaiser’s eigenevalue-greater-than-one rule.” This was followed by the test of validity and reliability to assess the psychometric properties of the instrument. Results: The items content validity indices (I-CVI) and the scale CVI (S-CVI) using universal agreement (UA) within experts (S-CVI/UA) and average CVI (S-CVI/Ave) approaches were good (0.8–1.00), with absence of items’ floor or ceiling effects. Twenty-one items were retained in the new scale arranged under four factors with average variance extracted (AVE) and square root AVE values of 0.58–0.70 and 0.76–0.84, respectively, suggesting convergent and discriminant validities. The goodness-of-fit results [Chi-square (CMIN/DF) = 3.07, p = 0.00], standardized root mean square residual = 0.070, root mean square error approximation = 0.08 confirmed the hypothesized factor structures of the scale whose internal consistency of Cronbach’s alpha and composite reliability values were 0.74 and 0.82, respectively, and stability of ICC = 0.92 [95% confidence interval : 0.87–0.95, F = 43 (p = 0.51)]. Conclusion: The validity and reliability of the PKAPIUM were in acceptable ranges.
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    PATIENTS’ KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES, AND PRACTICES ON UNCOMPLICATED MALARIA MANAGEMENT IN PLATEAU STATE, NORTH-CENTRAL NIGERIA
    (ASIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND CLINICAL RESEARCH, 2019) NANLOH S JIMAM; NAHLAH E ISMAIL
    This study aimed to assess patients’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) on uncomplicated malaria management in primary healthcare (PHC) facilities of Plateau state, Nigeria. Methods: A validated self-reported scale known as patients’ KAP instrument for uncomplicated malaria with Cronbach’s alpha reliability of 0.74 was administered to 956 patients that consented to participate in the study across 24 PHC facilities in the state between May and July 2017. The collated data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel and IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS®) version 23 software. Results: There were more female participants (53.5%) compared to the males (46.5%), and majority (33.4%) within the age range of 28 and 37 years with 26.5% falling within the age range of 18–27 years and children of <18 years of age constituted 13.8% of the study population. About 42.1% of the respondents were married, and many either had secondary (37.3%) or primary (30.0%) education as their highest qualifications. With overall mean (±standard deviation [SD]) attitudes’ score of 34.55 (±7.20), majority (50.8%) were categorized as having average positive attitudes toward disease and its management, and many of them (55.2%) also had good knowledge (mean [±SD] score=4.59 [±1.44]) and practices (67.1%) (mean [±SD] score=14.98 [±3.44]) on the disease and its management. Conclusion: The study indicated respondents’ knowledge and practices on uncomplicated malaria as good, while their attitudes toward the disease